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41.
Economic forces, competitive pressures and technological advances have created an environment within which firms have developed new ways of organizing (e.g. virtual work settings) and managing their resources (e.g. knowledge management) in order to maintain and improve firm performance. Extant research has highlighted the challenges associated with managing knowledge in virtual settings. However, researchers are still struggling to provide effective guidance to practitioners in this field. We believe that a better understanding of individual virtual competency is a potential avenue for managing the complexity of knowledge transfer in virtual settings. In particular, we suggest that optimal knowledge transfers can be achieved by individuals armed with the right personal capabilities and skills for virtual work, particularly when those knowledge transfers are emergent, bottom-up and cannot be specified a priori. The virtual competency exhibited by individuals can be the key to overcoming the constraints of knowledge transfers with such characteristics because underlying competency can facilitate effective action in unfamiliar and novel situations. In this conceptual research, we develop a theoretical model of individual virtual competence and describe its role in the communication process, which underpins effective knowledge transfer in virtual settings. Additionally, we consider the antecedent role that prior experience in virtual activity plays in aiding workers to develop virtual competence, which in turn engenders effective knowledge transfer. We conclude with implications for future research and for practicing managers. 相似文献
42.
Debra L. Cook Moti Yung Angelos D. Keromytis 《International Journal of Information Security》2009,8(3):211-231
We introduce the concept of an elastic block cipher which refers to stretching the supported block size of a block cipher to any length up to twice the original block size while
incurring a computational workload that is proportional to the block size. Our method uses the round function of an existing
block cipher as a black box and inserts it into a substitution- permutation network. Our method is designed to enable us to
form a reduction between the elastic and the original versions of the cipher. Using this reduction, we prove that the elastic
version of a cipher is secure against key-recovery attacks if the original cipher is secure against such attacks. We note
that while reduction-based proofs of security are a cornerstone of cryptographic analysis, they are typical when complete
components are used as sub-components in a larger design. We are not aware of the use of such techniques in the case of concrete
block cipher designs. We demonstrate the general applicability of the elastic block cipher method by constructing examples
from existing block ciphers: AES, Camellia, MISTY1, and RC6. We compare the performance of the elastic versions to that of
the original versions and evaluate the elastic versions using statistical tests measuring the randomness of the ciphertext.
We also use our examples to demonstrate the concept of a generic key schedule for block ciphers.
相似文献
Angelos D. KeromytisEmail: |
43.
The paper discusses a series of driving trials that were conducted to investigate postural stability of disabled drivers and to assess the effectiveness of a representative sample of support aids. Twenty-three disabled drivers with varying levels of physical disability and seven non disabled drivers participated in the study. The test car was equipped with transducers to measure vehicle velocity and acceleration (longitudinal and lateral), steering wheel movement and torque, and the bracing forces exerted by the driver on the steering wheel. Video cameras were installed to record postural support strategies and displacement of the driver and to record deviation of the car from the specified path. Subjective data regarding driver attitudes and acceptance were also collected through the administration of questionnaires. Findings from the study showed that support aids significantly improved driving performance and reduced physical exertion to maintain an upright driving position for disabled drivers. However, ergonomics design aspects regarding the ease of use and acceptance of the support aids by the end users were identified as obstacles to their sustained use in everyday driving. 相似文献
44.
Effective electrical head-only stunning produces a seizure-like state followed by a period of analgesia seen in animals allowed to recover. Passing of a 1·0 A current (50 Hz, 500 V) for less than 0·2 s, through the head of a sheep does not produce a seizure-like state as evidenced by recorded electroencephalogram. Corresponding to this lack of seizure-like state, the release of the neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate, in the brain, occurs to levels associated with arousal rather than seizure. At a duration of 0·2 s, the same stun parameters as above produce a seizure-like state and the release of glutamate and aspartate rises dramatically. The length of the seizure-like state, and the levels of release of glutamate, aspartate and a third neurotransmitter gamma amino-4-butyric acid (GABA), increased with stun duration until 4·0 s duration, where a peak in these parameters was seen. Stun durations of 2·0, 4·0, 8·0 and 12·0 s all produce similar effects. At a duration of 20 s, however, the length of the seizure-like state and the release of neurotransmitters is less than at shorter stun durations. For welfare purposes a head-only electrical stun, of 1·0 A, at a duration as low as 0·2 s produces unconsciousness and analgesia to subsequent slaughter procedures. However, maximum welfare benefits appear attainable at durations between 2·0 and 20·0 s. 相似文献
45.
Wurster Marco Michel Marius May Marvin Carl Kuhnle Andreas Stricker Nicole Lanza Gisela 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2022,33(2):575-591
Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing - Remanufacturing includes disassembly and reassembly of used products to save natural resources and reduce emissions. While assembly is widely understood in... 相似文献
46.
Julie M. Vandenbossche Nicole Dufalla Zichang Li 《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2017,18(11):1004-1015
Bonded concrete overlays of asphalt pavements (BCOAs) are becoming a common rehabilitation technique used for distressed hot mix asphalt (HMA) roadways. The original design procedures were based primarily on data from instrumented pavements and finite element modelling. They were governed by the assumption that the failure mechanism was a function of the overlay thickness. However, field observations have indicated that the actual failure modes are dictated by slab size. The newly developed Bonded Concrete Overlay of Asphalt Mechanistic-Empirical design procedure (BCOA-ME) presented here is valid for overlays that are between 2.5 and 6.5 in (64–154 mm), and includes five primary enhancements to the Portland Cement Association and Colorado Department of Transportation procedures that have been traditionally used: 1.) the failure mode is dictated by the joint spacing; 2.) a new structural model for longitudinal cracking for 6-ft × 6-ft (1.8 m × 1.8 m) concrete overlays has been developed to better predict the critical stresses; 3.) the stress adjustment factors have been calibrated with performance data; 4.) the equivalent temperature gradients used as design input are defined based on the pavement structure and geographical location of the project; and 5.) the effect of temperature change on underlying HMA stiffness is considered. Finally, validation studies were completed on the new procedure and comparisons made between the revised procedure and actual performance data for five separate projects showed reasonable results. A sensitivity analysis also revealed that the predicted thickness obtained using the revised procedure was sensitive to HMA thickness, the modulus of rupture of the Portland cement concrete, and the level of traffic, as would be expected. 相似文献
47.
Identifying and integrating patient and caregiver perspectives for clinical practice guidelines on the screening and management of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units 下载免费PDF全文
Hilary M. Miller Allison Tong David J. Tunnicliffe Denise Campbell Jule Pinter Robert J. Commons Eugene Athan Jonathan C. Craig Nicole Gilroy Julianne Green Belinda Henderson Martin Howell Rhonda L. Stuart Carolyn van Eps Muh Geot Wong Janak de Zoysa Meg J. Jardine 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2017,21(2):213-223
48.
Optimized Photoinitiator for Fast Two‐Photon Absorption Polymerization of Polyester‐Macromers for Tissue Engineering 下载免费PDF全文
49.
L. P. Cook W. Wong-Ng P. Paranthaman 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》1996,101(5):675-689
The melting and vaporization of the 1223 [(Tl,Pb):(Ba,Sr):Ca:Cu] oxide phase in the system (Tl-Pb-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O) have been investigated using a combination of dynamic methods (differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, effusion) and post-quenching characterization techniques (powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry). Vaporization rates, thermal events, and melt compositions were followed as a function of thallia loss from a 1223 stoichiometry. Melting and vaporization equilibria of the 1223 phase are complex, with as many as seven phases participating simultaneously. At a total pressure of 0.1 MPa the 1223 phase was found to melt completely at (980 ± 5) °C in oxygen, at a thallia partial pressure (pTl2O) of (4.6 ± 0.5) kPa, where the quoted uncertainties are standard uncertainties, i.e., 1 estimated standard deviation. The melting reaction involves five other solids and a liquid, nominally as follows:
Stoichiometries of the participating phases have been determined from microchemical analysis, and substantial elemental substitution on the 1212 and 1223 crystallographic sites is indicated. The 1223 phase occurs in equilibrium with liquids from its melting point down to at least 935 °C. The composition of the lowest melting liquid detected for the bulk compositions of this study has been measured using microchemical analysis. Applications to the processing of superconducting wires and tapes are discussed. 相似文献
50.
Gemma M. Paech Sarah M. Jay Nicole Lamond Gregory D. Roach Sally A. Ferguson 《Applied ergonomics》2010,41(4):600-606
Shiftwork involving early morning starts and night work can affect both sleep and fatigue. This study aimed to assess the impact of different rostering schedules at an Australian mine site on sleep and subjective sleep quality. Participants worked one of four rosters;
- 4 × 4 (n = 14) 4D4O4N4O
- 7 × 4 (n = 10) 7D4O7N40
- 10 × 5 (n = 17) 5D5N50
- 14 × 7 (n = 12) 7D7N70