氮压机节能降噪新方法

针对氮气供大于求的矛盾,采取减小氮压机设定最大电流以降低其运行负荷和对低压氮压机实施节能双式控制的措施,减少氮气放空量,降低放空噪声,延长低压氮压机的卸载运行时间,取得了节能降噪的效果。简介氮气供应系统流程和控制,详细分析优化措施、节能双式控制模式以及相关参数的设定值。     

Kinetics of NaBH4 hydrolysis on carbon-supported ruthenium catalysts

In this work, different shapes (powder and spherical) of ruthenium-active carbon catalysts (Ru/C) were prepared by impregnation reduction method for hydrogen generation (HG) from the hydrolysis reaction of the alkaline NaBH₄ solution. The effects of temperature, amount of catalysts, and concentration of NaOH and NaBH₄ on the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ solution were investigated with different shapes of Ru/C catalysts. The results show that the HG kinetics of NaBH₄ solution with the powder Ru/C catalysts is completely different from that with the spherical Ru/C catalysts. The main reason is that both mass and heat transfer play important roles during the reaction with Ru/C catalysts. The HG overall kinetic rate equations for NaBH₄ hydrolysis using the powder Ru/C catalysts and the spherical catalysts are described as r = A exp (−50740/RT) [catalyst]^1.05 [NaOH]^−0.13 [NaBH₄]^−0.25 and r = A exp (−52,120/RT) [catalyst]^1.00 [NaOH]^−0.21 [NaBH₄]^0.27 respectively.     

Evolution of unsteady flow near rotor tip during stall inception

Previously the features of circumferential propagation of self-induced tip leakage flow unsteadiness for a low speed isolated axial compressor rotor in the authors’ laboratory were discovered and investigated via numerical simulation,which only occurs below a critical stable flow point that is close to but not yet at the stall limit.Further in this paper,the detailed investigation on evolution of tip leakage flow during the throttling process into spike rotating stall was conducted by adopting the valve-throttling model.During this process,the development of the circumferential propagation of tip leakage flow unsteadiness was especially focused on.According to the unsteady characteristics of pressure signals,the evolvement of compressor flow field can be classified into four stages.As compressor throttled,the oscillation frequency of self-induced unsteady tip leakage flow decreased gradually,and thus resulted in the decrease of its circumferential propagation speed.The circumferential propagation of self-induced tip leakage flow unsteadiness is closely related with rotating instability.When the forward spillage of tip leakage flow at the leading edge occurred,the spike type rotating stall was initiated.Its flow struc-tures were given in the paper.     

High-rate cathodes based on Li3V2(PO4)3 nanobelts prepared via surfactant-assisted fabrication

In this work, we have synthesized monoclinic Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanobelts via a single-step, solid-state reaction process in a molten hydrocarbon. The as-prepared Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanoparticles have a unique nanobelt shape and are ∼50-nm thick. When cycled in a voltage range between 3.0 V and 4.3 V at a 1C rate, these unique Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanobelts demonstrate a specific discharge capacity of 131 mAh g⁻¹ (which is close to the theoretical capacity of 132 mAh g⁻¹) and stable cycling characteristics.     

Reaction mechanisms for the limited reversibility of Li-O2 chemistry in organic carbonate electrolytes

The Li-O₂ chemistry in nonaqueous liquid carbonate electrolytes and the underlying reason for its limited reversibility was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction data showed that regardless of discharge depth lithium alkylcarbonates (lithium propylenedicarbonate (LPDC), or lithium ethylenedicarbonate (LEDC), with other related derivatives) and lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) are constantly the main discharge products, while lithium peroxide (Li₂O₂) or lithium oxide (Li₂O) is hardly detected. These lithium alkylcarbonates are generated from the reductive decomposition of the corresponding carbonate solvents initiated by the attack of superoxide radical anions. More significantly, in situ gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that Li₂CO₃ and Li₂O cannot be oxidized even when charged to 4.6 V vs. Li/Li⁺, while LPDC, LEDC and Li₂O₂ are readily oxidized, with CO₂ and CO released from LPDC and LEDC and O₂ evolved from Li₂O₂. Therefore, the apparent reversibility of Li-O₂ chemistry in an organic carbonate-based electrolyte is actually an unsustainable process that consists of (1) the formation of lithium alkylcarbonates through the reductive decomposition of carbonate solvents during discharging and (2) the subsequent oxidation of these same alkylcarbonates during charging. Therefore, a stable electrolyte that does not lead to an irreversible by-product formation during discharging and charging is necessary for truly rechargeable Li-O₂ batteries.     

Sm_2O_3掺杂CeO_2纳米材料的电子顺磁共振研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备Sm2O3掺杂CeO2的电解质材料。通过粉末X射线衍射谱对所制备的电解质材料进行平均晶粒尺寸和晶格常数分析,并利用电子顺磁共振仪进行测试,分析样品的电子顺磁共振特性。结果表明:所制备的粉末样品晶粒尺寸较小、具有立方萤石型结构,而且Sm2O3掺杂CeO2的固体电解质材料有缺陷结构,随焙烧温度越高,缺陷结构越多;其次不同比例的Sm3+掺入CeO2后,材料中缺陷结构也有很明显的变化。     

数值模拟在铸造过程中的应用

数值模拟的应用已成为铸造工艺的前沿课题,它能大幅度缩短产品试制周期,减少劳动力,提高劳动效率,有着巨大的经济效益和实用价值。对数值模拟技术在铸造过程中的应用状况作了较全面的论述,并提出铸造数值模拟技术的前沿性发展方向。     

气相沉积法制备氧化铝负载镍催化剂的加氢性能及表征

采用化学气相沉积法制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂, 对其进行了加氢活性评价和表征. 结果表明, 在合适的条件下下, 可以得到具有高分散度和高活性的Ni/Al2O3催化剂. 在Al2O3载体中引入助剂可以减弱活性组分Ni与Al2O3载体之间的相互作用, 有利于NiO还原成Ni活性中心。化学气相沉积法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂比传统浸渍法制备Ni/Al2O3催化剂具有更高的加氢活性。透射电镜结果表明,Al2O3载体表面上活性相呈纳米分布,具有较高的分散度,该催化剂中Ni质量分数可降低32.5％,而其加氢催化活性不降低.化学气相沉积法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂可用于白油加氢精制.     

Synthesis and screening of thin films in the CeCl3-CeBr3 system for scintillator applications

Thin film samples of CeCl₃, CeBr₃, and combinatorial compositions along the CeCl₃-CeBr₃ join were produced using thermal evaporation, which is being evaluated as a method for rapid screening of scintillator materials. The combinatorial thin films were shown to be compositionally reproducible from run-to-run within reasonable limitations. Analytical results suggest a continuous variation in the combinatorial samples in terms of their compositions, crystal structures, and luminescence characteristics.