Der Blaus?uregehalt tropischer und subtropischer Getreidearten

Zusammenfassung Mit dieser Arbeit werden die Blausduregehalte der Primärblätter und Karyopsen von über 30 Sorten von Reis, Fingerhirse, Rispenhirse, Kodahirse, Perlhirse, Kolbenhirse, Zwerghirse und Mohrenhirse vorgelegt. Die Blausäuregehalte der Primärblätter lagen zwischen 13,5 und 1,1 × 10⁶ g/100 g TM und die der reifen Körner von 0,1–536 g/100 g TM (s. Tab. 2). Mit Ausnahme vonSorghum undPanicum konnte in allen übrigen Körnern erstmals Blausäure nachgewiesen werden.

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Prussic acid content of tropical and subtropical grain varieties

Summary The prussic acid content of the primary leaves and the caryopses of more than 30 cultivars of rice, sorghum-millets and other millets (Eleusine, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Eragrostis, andSetaria) was determined. The amount of prussic acid in primary leaves ranges from 13.5 to 1.1 .10⁶ g/100 g dry weight and in ripe kernels from 0.1 to 536 g/100 g dry weight. Except withSorghum andPanicum prussic acid was demonstrated in all other caryopses for the first time.

     

OPALINUS硬泥岩热反应的监控与模拟

目前，一些国家选择硬泥岩作为核废物地质深部处置的围岩。为深入理解硬泥岩在热-水-力（THM）耦合作用下的变化特征，在瑞士的Mont Terri地下岩石实验室对Opalinus硬泥岩进行了现场加热试验。该试验是利用-电加热器（直径=30cm，长度=5．4m）对硬泥岩进行了1a多的加热，然后降温0．5a。加热器表面的最高温度达100℃。在试验过程中，安装了80多个测试传感器对硬泥岩中的温度、孔隙水压、气体渗透以及变形进行了监控。通过观察发现围岩受热膨胀且产生明显的孔隙水压升高。距加热器约1m的区域，其孔隙水压从约1MPa增高到4MPa。最后对试验中观测的硬泥岩受热所产生的热-水-力全过程进行了模拟计算，并介绍了现场测量和数值计算的初步结果。     

Quantitative comparison between microfluidic and microtiter plate formats for cell-based assays

In this paper, we compare a quantitative cell-based assay measuring the intracellular Ca2+ response to the agonist uridine 5'-triphosphate in Chinese hamster ovary cells, in both microfluidic and microtiter formats. The study demonstrates that, under appropriate hydrodynamic conditions, there is an excellent agreement between traditional well-plate assays and those obtained on-chip for both suspended immobilized cells and cultured adherent cells. We also demonstrate that the on-chip assay, using adherent cells, provides the possibility of faster screening protocols with the potential for resolving subcellular information about local Ca2+ flux.     

Reconstruction of thickness and composition of stratified materials by means of 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

The recently developed 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (3D Micro-XRF) enables three-dimensional resolved, nondestructive investigation of elemental distribution in samples in the micrometer regime. Establishing a reliable quantification procedure is the precondition to render this spectroscopic method into a true analytical tool. One prominent field of application is the investigation of stratified material. A procedure for the quantitative reconstruction of the composition of stratified material by means of 3D Micro-XRF is proposed and validated. With the procedure, it is now possible to determine nondestructively the chemical composition and the thickness of layers. As no adequate stratified reference samples were available for validation, stratified reference material has been developed that is appropriate for 3D Micro-XRF or other depth-sensitive X-ray techniques.     

Optical and structural properties of LaF3 thin films

LaF(3) thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on CaF(2) (111) and silicon substrates at a relatively low substrate temperature of 150 degrees C. Optical (transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, and extinction coefficient) and mechanical (morphology and crystalline structure) properties have been investigated and are discussed. It is shown that LaF(3) thin films deposited on CaF(2) (111) substrates are monocrystalline and have a bulklike dense structure. Furthermore, it is presented that low-loss LaF(3) thin films can be deposited not only by boat evaporation but also by electron beam evaporation.     

A robust protein host for anchoring chelating ligands and organocatalysts

In order to put the previously proposed concept of directed evolution of hybrid catalysts (proteins that harbor synthetic transition-metal catalysts or organocatalysts) into practice, several prerequisites must be met. The availability of a robust host protein that can be expressed in sufficiently large amounts, and that can be purified in a simple manner is crucial. The thermostable enzyme tHisF from Thermotoga maritima, which constitutes the synthase subunit of a bi-enzyme complex that is instrumental in the biosynthesis of histidine, fulfills these requirements. In the present study, fermentation has been miniaturized and parallelized, as has purification of the protein by simple heat treatment. Several mutants with strategically placed cysteines for subsequent bioconjugation have been produced. One of the tHisF mutants, Cys9Ala/Asp11Cys, was subjected to bioconjugation by the introduction of a variety of ligands for potential metal ligation, of a ligand/metal moiety, and of several organocatalytic entities that comprise a flavin or thiazolium salts. Characterization by mass spectrometry and tryptic digestion was achieved. As a result of this study, a platform for performing future directed evolution of these hybrid catalysts is now available.     

Charge transport in disordered graphene-based low dimensional materials

Two-dimensional graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanoribbons represent a novel class of low dimensional materials that could serve as building blocks for future carbon-based nanoelectronics. Although these systems share a similar underlying electronic structure, whose exact details depend on confinement effects, crucial differences emerge when disorder comes into play. In this review, we consider the transport properties of these materials, with particular emphasis on the case of graphene nanoribbons. After summarizing the electronic and transport properties of defect-free systems, we focus on the effects of a model disorder potential (Anderson-type), and illustrate how transport properties are sensitive to the underlying symmetry. We provide analytical expressions for the elastic mean free path of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, and discuss the onset of weak and strong localization regimes, which are genuinely dependent on the transport dimensionality. We also consider the effects of edge disorder and roughness for graphene nanoribbons in relation to their armchair or zigzag orientation. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com     

The double meaning of control: Three-way interactions between internal resources, job control, and stressors at work.

The Job Demand-Control model postulates that job control attenuates the effects of job demands on health and well-being. Support for this interactive effect is rather weak. Conceivably, it holds only when there is a match between job control and individual characteristics that relate to exercising control options, such as locus of control, or self-efficacy. This three-way interaction was tested in a sample of 96 service employees, with affective strain and musculoskeletal pain as dependent variables. As hypothesized, job control attenuated the effects of stressors only for people with an internal locus of control. For people with an external locus of control, job control actually predicted poorer well-being and health as stressors increased. For self-efficacy, the corresponding three-way interaction was significant with regard to affective strain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Orientation-dependent ionization energies and interface dipoles in ordered molecular assemblies

Although an isolated individual molecule clearly has only one ionization potential, multiple values are found for molecules in ordered assemblies. Photoelectron spectroscopy of archetypical pi-conjugated organic compounds on metal substrates combined with first-principles calculations and electrostatic modelling reveal the existence of a surface dipole built into molecular layers. Conceptually different from the surface dipole at metal surfaces, its origin lies in details of the molecular electronic structure and its magnitude depends on the orientation of molecules relative to the surface of an ordered assembly. Suitable pre-patterning of substrates to induce specific molecular orientations in subsequently grown films thus permits adjusting the ionization potential of one molecular species over up to 0.6 eV via control over monolayer morphology. In addition to providing in-depth understanding of this phenomenon, our study offers design guidelines for improved organic-organic heterojunctions, hole- or electron-blocking layers and reduced barriers for charge-carrier injection in organic electronic devices.