Laser‐induced full body cleavage of flat‐panel‐display glass

Abstract— Of the two types of thermal‐stress processes for glass, i.e., surface scribing and full body cleavage, the latter is not presently applied in commercial manufacturing due to the technical difficulties, notwithstanding its various advantages. These difficulties, which were pointed out by Kondratenko and were refered to as size effect, consist of a reduced processing speed in a large glass plate and the positional inaccuracy when cleaving close to edges of a glass plate. The result of the investigation aimed to solve these problems, which can pave the way to the commercial application of full body cleavage in the manufacturing of flat‐panel‐display (FPD) devices, is reported.     

Green's Functions of Thin Plate Bending Problem under Fixed Boundary

The Green's functions of a point dislocation, a concentrated moment, a normal point force, a couple moment, and a couple bending force applied to an infinite plate with an arbitrarily shaped hole under a displacement boundary condition are derived in this paper. The closed-form stress functions are obtained by using the technique of the rational mapping function and the complex stress function approach. In the derivation, the analytical continuation and Cauchy integral are used for the different actions. Without loss of generality, some calculated results are shown for a square hole under a fixed boundary. The solutions show that the stress functions have different orders of singularity for the different actions. In order to illustrate the stress level due to bending moment and shear force clearly and efficiently, the effective stress of thin plate bending is shown.     

Magnetically Ordered State of Cold Fermions on a Decorated Square Lattice

We study two-component ultracold fermions with repulsive interactions, which are loaded into a decorated square lattice. By combining the real-space dynamical mean-field theory with the numerical renormalization group method, we discuss magnetic properties in the system. It is clarified how the ferromagnetically ordered ground state, which is stabilized by a flat band mechanism, is adiabatically connected to the ferrimagnetically ordered state expected in the strong coupling limit.     

Green's Function for Mixed Boundary Value Problem of Thin Plate

In this study, the Green's function of a point dislocation for the mixed boundary value problem of a thin plate is derived and then employed to analyze the interaction problem between a partially bonded rigid inclusion and a line crack in an infinite plate under uniform bending moments at infinity. A rational mapping technique and the complex stress function approach are used in the derivation. Based on the method of analytical continuation, the problem of obtaining the stress functions is reduced to a Riemann-Hilbert problem. Without loss of generality, the numerical results are demonstrated for a square rigid inclusion with a debonding. The stress intensity factors of crack tips and the stress intensities of debonding tips are shown for various parameters.     

Batch foam separation of a soluble protein

Removal of protein dissolved in water by batch foam separation was conducted with using ovalbumin (OA) as a model protein in the light of wastewater treatment reducing organic loading. The removal efficiency had a maximum value near the i.e.p. of OA (pH 4.6); thus, most experiments were conducted at pH 4.6. Typical experimental conditions; superficial gas velocity, U(g): 1.97 x 10(-2)-5.37 x 10(-2)cm/s; initial bulk concentration of OA, C(i): ca. 0.05-0.25 g/L; liquid volume, V: 600 cm(3). A model estimating bulk concentration profile was proposed by taking into account a mass balance of the present system. The model predicted that OA could be removed perfectly, however, was not all removed experimentally. The residual OA concentration of the bulk liquid within the column reached plateau value, which correspond to ca. 18% of the initial OA concentration. The plateau value of the bulk concentration was attained for ca. 100-500 min with U(g)=1.97 x 10(-2)-5.37 x 10(-2)cm/s. Foaming ability test revealed that the foaming limit concentration of OA at pH 4.6 was 9.72 x 10(-3)g/L. These results suggested that OA molecules could be damaged by interaction of bubble surface in the dispersed phase, since there were the residual OA concentrations over the limit concentration. To take account of this phenomena and correct the model, average surface density, X(d), which should convert protein molecule into the denatured protein molecule, was introduced. The corrected model could explain well the time profile of OA bulk concentration.     

Case study of electrochemical metal removal from actual sediment, sludge, sewage and scallop organs and subsequent pH adjustment of sediment for agricultural use

In this paper we propose a method for chemical-free removal of metal from lake sediment, and its subsequent pH adjustment, based on electrochemical migration and precipitation. Such a method would enable the utilization of sediment as composting material. Sediment was placed in the anode side of a dual-bath electrochemical reactor separated by a thimble-shape cellulose filter from the cathode side, which was filled with pure water. When voltage was applied, contaminant metals in the sediment on the anode side migrated toward the cathode side, and precipitated due to the alkaline conditions caused by the cathodic reaction. After 10 days of electrolysis with 400 mA of constant current of 150 g wet lake sediment, the removal ratios of 13 kinds of elements after the electrochemical treatment were measured. Cd and Zn, the elements for which agricultural standards apply, showed 98% and 86% removal, respectively. The type of metal removed changed over time, and the order of removal was roughly from light metals to heavy metals. The acidified lake sediment after electrolysis could be neutralized without significant recontamination with Zn and Cd by using the alkaline cathode solution collected during electrolysis under a condition of tap water overflow at a rate of 1.5 L/h. The electrochemical metal removal method was effective not only for lake sediment, but also for municipal sludge cake, human sewage, and contaminated scallop organs. Cathode overflow during electrolysis tended to increase metal removal and decrease required voltage.     

Performance of a new low‐cost laser disdrometer with rainfall intensity correction in heavy rainfall

Recently, a new low‐cost disposable laser disdrometer with the capacity for hydrometeor imaging was proposed by the authors. The laser disdrometer has the drawback of detecting false raindrops, which are splashed droplets and pooled water drops on the housing. Actual raindrops can be sorted from false raindrops by their different fall speeds, but the large size and slow falling speed of false raindrops induce significant observational dead time, affecting the raindrop capture rate and the number density of the raindrops. The ratio between the actual number of raindrops and the total number of drops including the false raindrops provides a reasonable rain intensity correction. This report describes the performance of a laser disdrometer with rain intensity correction in heavy rainfall. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Purification and some properties of cholesterol oxidase stable in detergents from gamma-proteobacterium Y-134

Cholesterol oxidase (CHO) with high stability in detergents was found from an isolated strain, Y-134, belonging to the gamma-subclass of Proteobacteria. CHO production reached its maximum by incubation at 30 degrees C for 12 d. It was purified from cell-free extract prepared by mixing the cells with 0.4% Triton X-100. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme exhibited maxima at 274 and 410 nm, and a shoulder at 330 nm. The molecular mass was 115 kDa with two identical subunits of 58 kDa. The enzyme oxidized cholest-5-en-3beta-ol (cholesterol) and 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol (dihydrocholesterol) at a high reaction rate, and the K(m) value for cholesterol was 65 microM. The stability of the enzyme was higher than other CHOs in nonionic detergents with high values of hydrophilelipophile balance (HLB) such as Triton X-450 and sodium cholate. NH2-terminal sequence analysis showed a high similarity to CHO from Burkholderia cepacia, but not to CHOs from Streptomyces or Brevibacterium.