Cross-sensitivity of X-ray-hypersensitive cells derived from LEC strain rats to DNA-damaging agents

The cross-sensitivity of X-ray-hypersensitive lung fibroblasts from LEC strain (LEC) rats to other DNA-damaging agents was examined. The LEC cells were 2- to 3-fold more sensitive to bleomycin (BLM) that induces DNA double-strand breaks, and to a cross-linking agent, mitomycin C, than the cells from WKAH strain (WKAH) rats, while they were slightly sensitive to alkylating agents, ethyl nitrosourea and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, but not to UV-irradiation. Although no difference was observed in the initial yields of DNA double-strand breaks induced by BLM between LEC and WKAH cells, the repair process of DNA double-strand breaks was significantly slower in LEC cells than in WKAH cells.     

Real-time in-situ observation of vapor deposition polymerization of N-methylolacrylamide with IR-RAS

The process of vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) of N-methylolacrylamide (NMAA) was real-time in-situ observed with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The red-heated filament was used for production of the initiator for polymerization. The sticking coefficient and the polymer yield were calculated on the basis of plots of absorbance of C=O and C=C stretching peaks against time during and after the deposition. The sticking coefficient of NMAA molecules on the substrate maintained at 265 K was 0.53 in the case of physical vapor deposition without existence of the red-heated filament. This value reached 0.98 on heating the filament up to 2300 K. The polymer yield in the steady state of VDP was 44%, of which 26% and 18% were caused by the polymerization at the same time as deposition and the post-polymerization, respectively.     

Projection‐type integral 3‐D display with distortion compensation

Abstract— Our research is aimed at developing a spatial‐imaging‐type integral three‐dimensional (3‐D) display based on an integral photography method using an extremely high‐resolution projector. One problem with the projection‐type integral 3‐D display is that geometrical distortion in projected elemental images causes spatial deformation of the displayed 3‐D image. In this study, a general relationship between the geometric distortion of elemental images and the spatial deformation of reconstructed 3‐D images were analyzed. A projection‐type integral 3‐D display with a distortion compensator which corrects the geometrical distortions of projected images in real‐time have been developed. The deformation of the displayed 3‐D images was significantly reduced by the distortion compensation, and the displayed 3‐D images had a resolution of 182 (H) × 140 (V) pixels and a viewing angle of 24.5°.     

Moire fringe reduction by optical filters in integral three-dimensional imaging on a color flat-panel display

We propose a method to reduce the color moire fringes that are attributable to the structure of a color flat-panel display in integral three-dimensional imaging. The method uses two types of optical low-pass filter, diffuser and defocus. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed in an experiment. We describe a way to design these filters with moire's residual energy and video signal energy as indices and demonstrate the validity of the model, which combines two filters to reduce moire fringes.     

Master curve of crystal growth rate and its corresponding state in polymeric materials

The temperature dependence of linear crystal growth rate (G) for various polymers shows a bell shape with the maximum growth rate (G_max). The G_max shows remarkable molecular weight dependence. The G_max was formulated on the basis of a crystallization theory, both for Arrhenius and WLF expressions in the molecular transport term. The plots of the reduced growth rate (G/G_max) against the reduced temperature (T/T_cmax) for a given polymer showed a single master curve without molecular weight dependence. The ratio of G₀/G_max gave a constant value for each polymer, indicating a material constant. On the basis of G_max for many polymers, a universal master curve was observed when the ratio of ln(G/G_max)/ln(G₀/G_max) was plotted against the reduced temperature (T/T_cmax).     

Studies on high‐speed melt spinning of noncircular cross‐section fibers. III. Modeling of melt spinning process incorporating change in cross‐sectional shape

A numerical analysis program for high‐speed melt spinning of flat and hollow fibers was developed. Change in cross‐sectional shape along the spin line was incorporated adopting a formulation in which energy reduction caused by the reduction of surface area was assumed to be equal to the energy dissipation by viscous flow in the plane perpendicular to the fiber axis. In the case of flat fiber spinning, the development of temperature distribution in the cross section was considered. It was found that the empirical equations for air friction and cooling of the spin line of circular fibers can be applied for the flat fiber spin line if the geometrical mean of long‐axis and short‐axis lengths was adopted, instead of fiber diameter, as the characteristic length for Reynolds number and Nusselt number. Three features expected through the high‐speed spinning of noncircular cross‐section fibers could be reproduced: (1) although cooling of the flat fiber spin line was enhanced, calculated tension at the position of solidification was not affected much by the difference in cross‐sectional shape; (2) change in cross‐sectional shape proceeded steeply near the spinneret; and (3) temperature at the edge became significantly lower than that at the center in the cross section of flat fibers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1589–1600, 2001     

Influence of manganese on iron oxyhydroxides and oxides formed in aqueous solution

Structural analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction and anomalous X-ray scattering were used for characterizing the influence of manganese on iron oxyhydroxides and oxides formed from green rust (GR) in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the formation of Fe₃O₄ was enhanced by the addition of manganese ions during the conversion of GR2 to α-FeOOH and Fe₃O₄. The results obtained from anomalous X-ray scattering showed that manganese was present both in α-FeOOH and Fe₃O₄ particles. The incorporation of manganese in α-FeOOH appears to induce the distortion of the atomic-scale structure of α-FeOOH particles formed in an aqueous solution.     

Hyperelasticity Model for Finite Element Analysis of Natural and High Damping Rubbers in Compression and Shear

Rate-independent monotonic behavior of filled natural rubber and high damping rubber is investigated in compression and shear regimes. Monotonic responses obtained from tests conducted in both regimes demonstrate the prominent existence of the Fletcher–Gent effect, indicated by high stiffness at low strain levels. An improved hyperelasticity model for compression and shear regimes is proposed to represent the rate-independent instantaneous and equilibrium responses including the Fletcher–Gent effect. A parameter identification scheme involving simultaneous minimization of least-square residuals of uniaxial compression and simple shear data is delineated. The difficulties of identifying a unique set of hyperelasticity parameters that hold for both compression and shear deformation modes are thus overcome. The proposed hyperelasticity model has been implemented in a general purpose finite element program. Finite element simulations of experiments have shown the adequacy of the proposed hyperelasticity model, estimated parameters, and employed numerical procedures. Finally, numerical experiments were conducted to further explore the potential of the proposed model, and estimated parameters in analyzing rubber layers of a base isolation bearing subjected either to compression or to a combination of compression and shear.     

Abnormal G1 arrest in the cell lines from LEC strain rats after X-irradiation

The effect of X-irradiation of cell lines from LEC and WKAH strain rats on a progression of cell cycle was investigated. When WKAH rat cells were exposed to 5 Gy of X-rays and their cell cycle distribution was determined by a flow cytometer, the proportion of S-phase cells decreased and that of G2/M-phase cells increased at 8 hr post-irradiation. At 18 and 24 hr post-irradiation, approximately 80% of the cells appeared in the G1 phase. On the contrary, the proportion of S-phase cells increased and that G1-phase cells decreased in LEC rats during 8-24 hr post-irradiation, compared with that at 0 hr post-irradiation. Thus, radiation-induced delay in the progression from the G1 phase to S phase (G1 arrest) was observed in WKAH rat cells but not in LEC rat cells. In the case of WKAH rat cells, the intensities of the bands of p53 protein increased at 1 and 2 hr after X-irradiation at 5 Gy, compared with those of unirradiated cells and at 0 hr post-irradiation. In contrast, the intensities of the bands were faint and did not significantly increase in LEC rat cells during 0-6 hr incubation after X-irradiation. Present results suggested that the radioresistant DNA synthesis in LEC rat cells is thought to be due to the abnormal G1 arrest following X-irradiation.     

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the finned tube banks in forced convection (effects of fin height on heat transfer characteristics)

In recent years the requirement for the reduction of energy consumption has been increasing to solve the problems of global warming and the shortage of petroleum resources. For example, in the power generation field, as thermal power generation occupies 60% of the power generation demand, considerable improvement of thermal efficiency is required. This paper describes the heat transfer characteristics of finned tube banks used for the heat exchanger in thermal power generation that were clarified by testing serrated finned tube banks with different fin heights for improved higher heat transfer and conventional spiral finned tube banks with different fin height. Then an equation to predict the heat transfer coefficient which is necessary for the design of the heat exchanger was proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(3): 194–208, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20111