DSC-cell - A versatile tool to study thermo-oxidation of aviation lubricants

The versatility of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) cell in studying thermal and/or thermal-oxidative degradation of lubricants is shown using ester-based aviation turbine oils as an example. The following applications are discussed: 1. quality control of fresh and used oils by pressure differential scanning calorimetry; 2. influence of metal catalysis on oil degradation; 3. identification of volatile degradation products by PDSC gas chromatography-mass spectrometry via a TENAX trap; 4. determination of spontaneous ignition temperatures; 5. influence of metall metal oxides, wear debris and oil degradation products on ignition behaviour; 6. inhibition of spontaneous ignition by antioxidants.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports

Greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transport are exempt from liabilities under the Kyoto Protocol. Research into quantifying these emissions is ongoing, and influences policy proposals to reduce emissions. This paper presents a cargo-based analysis of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from New Zealand's international maritime transport of goods. Maritime transport moves 99.5% (by mass) of New Zealand's internationally traded products. It is estimated that 73% of visiting vessels' activity can be directly attributed to the movement of goods in and out of New Zealand. A cargo-based methodology was used to estimate that the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports consumed 2.5 million tonnes (Mt; 2.6 billion litres) of fuel during the year 2007, which generated 7.7 Mt of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Double-counting of emissions would occur if a similar method was applied to all New Zealand's trading partners. In contrast, since few large vessels refuel in New Zealand, the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory listed 2007 international maritime transportation emissions as 0.98 Mt of CO₂, calculated from fuel bunkered for international transport. The results, therefore, show a significant difference between activity-based and bunker-fuel methodologies in quantifying New Zealand's emissions. International policy implications are discussed.     

科帕卡格拉纳建筑 奥地利维亚纳

正科帕卡格拉纳位于新多瑙河12.5公里处,毗邻Reichsbrücke大桥。出于同旧有设计保持协调性考虑,力求能让大楼融入当地环境,迎合自身功能性需要,GERNER GERNER PLUS团队充分考虑现有周边环境,对大楼重新规划设计。新的设计突显建筑的特殊性和重要性,面向河流的立面是科帕卡格拉纳大楼最重要的部分,所以设计的重点也放在了这里。现有的城市中轴线是一个参照物,为了视觉上和氛围上形成一体化城市的感     

3D Metal printed heat sinks with longitudinally varying lattice structure sizes using direct metal laser sintering

This research relates to the design, modelling and fabrication of 3D metal printed heat sinks. The heat sinks presented in the research are the commonly used longitudinal fin solid heat sink (LFSHS) and three LFSHS lattice structure designs, differing only in their lattice sizes, fabricated using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique in Maraging Steel (MS1), on an EOSINT M280 system. In order to increase the heat sink surface area, the heat sinks are manufactured with mesh lattices along the length of the fins, while keeping the overall heat sink volume constant. The research is focused on pushing the limitations of the DMLS technique for the development of repeating unit, lattice structures heat sinks, and to examine the effect of incrementally varying the lattice sizes with regards to the resultant surface area of the heat sink and the thermal performance of the system. The results obtained under natural convection show that the thermal performance of the LFSHS outperformed all lattice structure heat sinks. This is due to the fact that, the pressure drop across the lattice heat sinks were so high, due to lattice meshes that it negated the positive effect of the greater surface area.     

Design characteristics of a workload manager to aid drivers in safety–critical situations

Cognition, Technology & Work - The objective of this study was to evaluate a workload manager designed to supervise the presentation of in-vehicle information for two age groups of drivers...     

Selective clustering for representative paintings selection

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Selective classification (or rejection based classification) has been proved useful in many applications. In this paper we describe a selective clustering...     

A Third Order Hierarchical Basis WENO Interpolation for Sparse Grids with Application to Conservation Laws with Uncertain Data

In this paper, we introduce a third order hierarchical basis WENO interpolation, which possesses similar accuracy and stability properties as usual WENO interpolations. The main motivation for the hierarchical approach is the direct applicability on sparse grids. This is for instance of large practical interest in the numerical solution of conservation laws with uncertain data, where discontinuities in the physical domain often carry over to the (potentially high-dimensional) stochastic domain. For this, we apply the introduced hierarchical basis WENO interpolation within a non-intrusive collocation method and present first results on 2- and 3-dimensional sparse grids.