An open trial of lisinopril (''ZESTRIL'') in mild to moderate hypertension in Nigeria

The concept of transcultural nursing is relatively new to the nursing literature. It had been less than 30 years since Madeleine Leininger first began to develop a theory of transcultural nursing as part of a doctoral study in anthropology. Much has changed in that time, and nursing staff development and inservice educators need to provide educational offerings within a multicultural context in a timely manner. Cultural diversity is the standard in the mid-1990s, and those nursing staff development programs that are sensitive to this fact produce employees with advantages over those from settings that do not prepare staff for practice in a constantly changing world. This annotated bibliography about transcultural nursing details key references for staff development and inservice programs. It is not intended as an exhaustive review but rather focuses on the most relevant, timely, and useful of the ever increasing number of publications concerning this important subject. Six major books and four of the most pertinent recent journal articles are included. Conclusions and implications for nursing staff educators are offered.     

Relationships of lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae) estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphology

DNA sequences from parts of the 12S, 16S and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes, which totalled 1049 aligned base pairs, were used to estimate the relationships of 49 species of Lacertidae, including representatives of 19 out of the 23 recognized genera and 23 species of the paraphyletic genus Lacerta. These data were used, together with morphological information, to estimate the relationships within the family. Molecular evidence corroborates the monophyletic status of many genera and species groups originally based on morphology. It indicates that Psammodromus forms a clade with Gallotia, which is the sister taxon of all other lacertids. These comprise three units: the primarily Afrotropical armatured group; the largely Oriental Takydromus; and the west Palaearctic Lacerta and its derivatives, Podarcis and Algyroides. Morphology also supports the first three assemblages, but suggests that they are derived from a paraphyletic Lacerta. Within Lacerta and its allies, DNA sequence analysis corroborates the affinity of some members of each of the subgenera Lacerta s. str. and Timon, and of the L. saxicola group. It also supports the relationship of L. monticola, L. bonnali and L. horvathi, and suggests that the L. parva--L. fraasi clade and L. brandli are not related to Psammodromus Gallotia, as morphology indicates, but instead are associated respectively with the L. danfordi and L. saxicola groups. DNA sequence data provide additional evidence that the eastern Arabian 'Lacerta' jayakari and 'L.' cyanura are members of the armatured clade and also sister species. Our analysis supports an origin for present lacertids in west Eurasia. The armatured clade invaded Africa, probably in the mid-Miocene, spreading widely and evolving increasingly xeric-adapted forms, one lineage of which later moved back into the Palaearctic. 'Lacerta' jayakari and 'L.' cyanura are assigned to Omanosaura, Lutz and Mayer 1986. The name Gallotiinae Cano, Baez, Lopez-Jurado & Ortega, 1984 is available for the Gallotia-Psammodromus clade, Eremiainae Shcherbak 1975 for the armatured clade and Lacertinae for Lacerta, Podarcis and Algyroides. Two new subgenera of Lacerta are proposed here: Caucasilacerta for L. saxicola and its allies, and Parvilacerta for L. parva and L. fraasi.     

形势要求机床工具工业必须加快增长方式的转型(一)

1999年以来，我国国民生产总值持续快速稳定增长。表1是这期间国民生产总值增长情况。     

Cytoprotective effects of adrenomedullin in glomerular cell injury: central role of cAMP signaling pathway

Activation of cAMP signaling pathway was shown to inhibit some pathobiologic processes in mesangial cells (MC). We investigated whether adrenomedullin (ADM), a potent agonist of adenylate cyclase, is synthesized in MC and whether it can, via cAMP, suppress the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and proliferation of cells in glomeruli. With the use of an immunohistologic technique ADM was detected in mesangial and microvascular areas of rat glomeruli. MC grown in primary culture synthesized ADM, and the synthesis was stimulated by TNF alpha and IL-1 beta but not by PDGF and EGF. ADM inhibited ROM generation in MC dose-dependently and caused in situ activation of protein kinase A (PKA). In macrophages (cell line J774) ROM generation was about four times higher than in MC and was inhibited by ADM in a similar way as in MC. The rate of MC proliferation, measured by [3H]-incorporation, and the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) stimulated by PDGF and EGF were dose-dependently inhibited by ADM; the maximum inhibition (at 10 nM ADM) was about -80%. Mitogenesis of MC and MAPK activity when stimulated to a similar extent by endothelin (ET-1) was inhibited by ADM to a significantly (P < 0.01) lesser degree (-30%). Further, ADM inhibited PDF-stimulated mitogenesis and activation of MAPK in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The inhibition of PDGF-activated MAPK by ADM in VSMC was reversed by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89. Taken together, results indicate the adrenomedullin (ADM) generated in mesangial cells (MC) can suppress, via activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) generation in MC and infiltrating macrophages as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated mitogenesis in MC and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We suggest that introglomerular ADM may serve as a cytoprotective autoacoid that suppresses pathobiologic processes evoked by immuno-inflammatory injury of glomeruli.     

稳峰技术研究及其应用

研究内嵌~(241)Amα源的NaI探测器在不同工作环境下,所测排放气体中的γ放射性核素能谱的漂移趋势,通过改变探测器的工作温度及工作电压等实验,探索所测能谱的漂移规律,并运用合适的软硬件电路来实现能谱的稳峰功能。这种稳峰技术确保了所测γ放射性核素的准确性及能谱的稳定性,使得在实际应用中能正确辨别γ放射性核素的类别,是详细分析各种放射性核素的排放浓度及排放置的前提。     

高密度PBGA组件的模态试验与仿真研究

为探索高密度板级组件的动态特性,设计了带菊花链的PBGA(塑封焊球阵列)组件,采用模态试验和有限元仿真方法分别获得PBGA组件的模态参数,分析了不同固支方式对PBGA组件一阶固有频率的影响.研究了边6点固支条件下各阶阵型特性并提出了元器件抗振布局设计的原则,结果表明:6螺钉支撑将显著提高组件的一阶固有频率,从两螺钉的1...     

华南地区典型土壤渗透性的改良配置研究

为改善我国华南地区土壤黏性大、渗透性差的问题,研究华南地区土壤与落地灰、砾石、沸石、海砂、草根和枯树叶等多种材料的改良配置,测试不同重量配比下试验土壤的渗透性,获取不同有机、无机材料对典型土壤自然入渗能力的改善效果(包括各种材料的单独作用和择优性混合作用效果)。结果表明:单材料试验中,低重量配比的草根和枯树叶试验土壤的峰值入渗速率分别为0.178 mL/s和0.163 mL/s,且有机材料的改良效果优于无机材料。高重量配比的5～9 mm砾石和5～9 mm落地灰试验土壤分别在重量配比为40%和60%情况下,峰值入渗速率达0.338 mL/s和0.717 mL/s,在同重量配比的所有材料里具有最佳入渗效果。多材料混合试验中,枯树叶、5～9 mm砾石和5～9 mm落地灰相结合的试验土壤实现最佳入渗效果。研究成果为改善华南地区土壤渗透性能提供科学依据。     

Streptococcus bovis bacteremia: unusual complications

Streptococcus bovis bacteremia is known to be related to neoplastic lesions of the colon. We describe a patient with several complications of S bovis bacteremia and adenocarcinoma of the colon--endocarditis, spondylodiskitis, and splenic abscess. We believe this is the eighth known case of endocarditis and diskitis caused by S bovis and the third case of endocarditis and splenic abscess by S bovis in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon.