彩色阶调印刷网版及Capillex CP毛细感光膜片

在过去几年中，采用UV油墨网印高质量的四色印刷品取得了巨大进展。此后有关溶剂基油墨释放VOC的环境法规一直在加强，同时印刷用户对多色印刷机的快速干燥以及对彩色图像印刷的需求也在不断增长。然而像生活中的大多数情况一样，没有一样东西是绝对完美的。尽管UV油墨给印刷厂     

Sedimentary records of DDT and HCH in the Pearl River Delta,South China

Tropical regions in developing countries are thought to be significant sources of organochlorine pesticides in the global context, owing to high rate of use and only a recent production ban or restriction on application of these pesticides. In the present paper, DDT and HCH in eight 210Pb-dated sedimentary cores from the Pearl River Delta, South China, were analyzed in order to reconstruct the time trends of these persistent organic pollutants in this tropical region. The sedimentary inventories of sigmaDDT and sigmaHCH through the cores ranged from 36.6 to 1109.5 ng/cm2 and from 11.2 to 226.3 ng/cm2, respectively, and their spatial distribution implies that the water flows from the Humen, Jiaomen, Hongqili, and Hengmen outlets rather than the Xijiang flow from Modaomen outlet, supplied the major historical input of DDT to the estuary. Although a production ban of technical HCH and DDT was imposed in China in 1983, their sedimentary fluxes display increasing trends or strong rebounds in the 1990s as recorded in the core profiles, characteristic of the increasing ratios of (DDE + DDD)/DDT and DDE/DDT. It is suggested that an enhanced land soil runoff in the process of large-scale land transform, as well as a higher river water flow in early 1990s, had mobilized these pesticides from soil to the sedimentary system in the region.     

Microbiological risk assessment for personal care products

Regulatory decisions regarding microbiological safety of cosmetics and personal care products are primarily hazard‐based, where the presence of a potential pathogen determines decision‐making. This contrasts with the Food industry where it is a commonplace to use a risk‐based approach for ensuring microbiological safety. A risk‐based approach allows consideration of the degree of exposure to assess unacceptable health risks. As there can be a number of advantages in using a risk‐based approach to safety, this study explores the Codex Alimentarius (Codex) four‐step Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA) framework frequently used in the Food industry and examines how it can be applied to the safety assessment of personal care products. The hazard identification and hazard characterization steps (one and two) of the Codex MRA framework consider the main microorganisms of concern. These are addressed by reviewing the current industry guidelines for objectionable organisms and analysing reports of contaminated products notified by government agencies over a recent 5‐year period, together with examples of reported outbreaks. Data related to estimation of exposure (step three) are discussed, and examples of possible calculations and references are included. The fourth step, performed by the risk assessor (risk characterization), is specific to each assessment and brings together the information from the first three steps to assess the risk. Although there are very few documented uses of the MRA approach for personal care products, this study illustrates that it is a practicable and sound approach for producing products that are safe by design. It can be helpful in the context of designing products and processes going to market and with setting of microbiological specifications. Additionally, it can be applied reactively to facilitate decision‐making when contaminated products are released on to the marketplace. Currently, the knowledge available may only allow a qualitative or semi‐quantitative rather than fully quantitative risk assessment, but an added benefit is that the disciplined structuring of available knowledge enables clear identification of gaps to target resources and if appropriate, instigate data generation.     

A review of varietal change in roots,tubers and bananas: consumer preferences and other drivers of adoption and implications for breeding

This review of the literature on varietal change in sub-Saharan Africa looks in detail at adoption of new varieties of bananas in Uganda, cassava in Nigeria, potato in Kenya, sweetpotato in Uganda and yams in Côte d’Ivoire. The review explored three hypotheses about drivers of varietal change. There was a strong confirmation for the hypothesis that insufficient priority given to consumer-preferred traits by breeding programmes contributes to the limited uptake of modern varieties (MVs) and low varietal turnover. Lack of evidence meant the second hypothesis of insufficient attention to understanding and responding to gender differences in consumer preferences for quality and post-harvest traits was unresolved. The evidence on the third hypothesis about the informal seed system contributing to slow uptake of MVs was mixed. In some cases, the informal system has contributed to rapid uptake of MVs, but often it appears to be a barrier with inconsistent varietal naming a major challenge.     

Synthesis and thermal stability of carborane-containing phosphazenes

Carborane-substituted polyphosphazenes were prepared by the thermal polymerization of phenyl-carboranyl pentachlorocyclotriphosphazene. Successive isothermal vacuum pyrolyses were conducted on the polymer and examined for structural changes by infrared spectroscopy. The degradation products were ascertained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. It was found that the presence of the carborane group improves the thermal stability of the polymer by retarding the ring-chain equilibrium processes of decomposition.     

Evaluation of the effect of Ultra Rice® EDTA supplementation on the soluble iron,visual acceptance and vitamin A stability of commercial milled rice blends

The addition of NaFeEDTA at only 5% of total iron to ferric pyrophosphate‐fortified Ultra Rice^® increased the in vitro soluble iron ten‐fold. Ultra Rice^® formulated with NaFeEDTA at 2–7% of total iron, or with Na₂EDTA·2H₂O at 0.5× the total iron equivalents, increased the soluble iron seven‐ to thirty‐fold. The colour of the batches was acceptable through 20 weeks at 21 °C, but colour stability needs to be evaluated under authentic storage conditions. Although only 34–46% of the initial vitamin A remained after extrusion, 18‐week storage at 30 °C/70% relative humidity, and simulated cooking, there were indications that losses could be decreased by raising the pH (to ~5) and/or using a better protected vitamin A ingredient. The enhancement of soluble iron afforded by low‐level NaFeEDTA or Na₂EDTA·2H₂O supplementation suggests that this fortification strategy may merit further study as a means of increasing absorbable iron in Ultra Rice^®.     

Southwestern Psychological Association: Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Meeting.

The Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Psychological Association was held at the Baker Hotel in Dallas, Texas, on April 26-28, 1973. A total of 680 persons registered for the Meeting. The current membership is 1,670. The Convention program is presented here in its entirety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conditioned preferences in the rat with an unnatural need state: Morphine withdrawal.

Placed 30 morphine addicted and 15 nonaddicted female albino rats on a 21-day conditioning regimen which involved the daily alternation of access to either water, sucrose-octa-acetate (SOA), or no liquid for 1 hr. The addicted Ss received injections of morphine after either the SOA sessions or the no-liquid sessions. Nonaddicted Ss were injected with morphine after the SOA sessions. Following the last injection, Ss were given a 2-bottle preference test between SOA and water. Results show that the addicted Ss that received morphine-SOA pairings had an increased preference for SOA, whereas the nonaddicted Ss showed a decrease in SOA preference after the same conditioning treatments. Addicted Ss that received the morphine injections on the no-liquid days showed no change in SOA preference. (21 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

AUTOMATIC DELINEATION OF FUNCTIONAL RIVER REACH BOUNDARIES FOR RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

The river reach is a pervasive term within contemporary river research and applications. Yet, despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of consistency in its definition. This paper identifies the presence of two broad types of reach definition within the academic literature, operational and functional, and argues that a functional definition is more suitable for applications within river research and management. A range of sequence zonation algorithms that were originally derived for geological well‐log analysis were compared for their ability to automatically identify functional reach boundaries. An analysis of variance‐based global boundary hunting algorithm was identified as the most suitable. To demonstrate the potential practical applications of automatic reach delineation methods, two case studies where functional reach boundaries have been identified were described: first, in a sequence of predicted sediment transport capacities for use in a reach‐based sediment transport model; and second, in a sequence of RHS Habitat Quality Assessment scores for identification of lengths of channel in need of habitat restoration efforts. Finally, the paper discusses how this type of functional reach identification procedure might be applied in other areas of river research and applications and how a multivariate version of a statistical zonation algorithm might prove useful in facilitating integrated catchment management by identifying reach boundaries common across all variables of interest in the system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.