An altruistic differentiated service protocol in dynamic cognitive radio networks against selfish behaviors

Cognitive Radio (CR), first proposed by Mitola, has the potential to improve spectrum utilization by allowing secondary transmission in licensed primary networks, as long as the secondary transmissions do not interfere with the operation of the primary users (PUs) in the primary network. Although it is fundamental to the viability of this burgeoning technology, security aspects of CR have so far received scant attention from researchers. Initial research on CR has largely focused on the issues of resource allocation, spectrum sensing and management while security considerations are often added as an afterthought. As a result, many proposed solutions for CR, have introduced significant security gaps, intensifying the effects of selfishness, inequity, unavailability, or even malicious behaviors. This has posed challenges to quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) in the face of various network attacks like node masquerading, packet mislabeling and deliberate packet dropping. Since existing routing protocols assume that nodes will forward packets in good faith, the presence of selfish nodes coupled with the dynamic behavior of PUs can lead to excessive packet losses, high delays or even the complete failure of routing protocols in secondary networks. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer Altruistic Differentiated Service Protocol (ADSP) for the dynamic CRNs to address the QoS provisioning issue in CRNs with selfish nodes coexistence. Simulation results demonstrate that the ADSP can achieve much better performance in terms of lower delay, higher throughput and better delivery ratio for the traffic originating from collaborative nodes compared to other cognitive routing protocols in the presence of selfish nodes.     

Output chattering attenuation between two tracking controllers

In this paper, an output chattering attenuation scheme is proposed for two tracking controllers. The controllers have integral actions and are used to eliminate the steady-state tracking errors. By designing a compensator and reducing the discontinuous switching, the output chattering at the switching points can be attenuated significantly. Moreover, combining with the generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma and the parameter-dependent Lyapunov function method, this problem can be characterized in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

分段线性动态矩匹配条带去除

由于探测器之间对接收的地物辐射信号的响应特征不同,导致遥感数据含有条带噪声,严重影响了图像质量及后续的定量计算。针对探测器响应函数在图像低值区及高值区呈非线性的特点,在着重分析矩匹配方法的基础上,提出分段线性动态矩匹配条带去除方法。方法设定阈值分割高中低值域统计区间,对探测器响应函数进行分段线性拟合,并对探测器每一分图像动态采用其领域内均值和标准差作为参考值进行条带纠正。应用TM数据第4波段及环境一号卫星高光谱数据进行去条带实验,并定性和定量地比较了该方法与动态矩匹配、傅里叶变换、自动均衡化曲线方法的去条带效果。结果表明该方法能够在保留图像基本信息的前提下,获得最佳的去条带效果,尤其能够提高非均匀地物分布区域内水体的条带去除效果。     

半干污泥流量计量方法与装置的研究及应用

污泥经干化后进行焚烧已成为市政污泥处理的一种趋势,精确稳定控制进焚烧炉的半干污泥投加量是维持焚烧炉燃烧工况稳定的关键.因半干污泥具有颗粒度不均、黏性高、有弹性、有堆积空隙等固有特性,目前没有直接测量入炉半干污泥投加量的计量仪表,需要通过泵频率或计量装置间接控制入炉污泥量.针对半干污泥计量,研究了在半干污泥输送系统中加入计量槽装置,通过利用料斗内物料减少速率来计算半干污泥流量的计量方法,并给出了计量装置工作的控制过程.该方法在上海市某污泥干化焚烧工程中实际应用的结果表明,与常规的控制污泥输送螺旋频率来测量污泥流量的方法相比,该方法可以实现半干污泥量的精确自动控制,保持焚烧炉燃烧温度和工况相对稳定,取得了良好的效果.     

基于EMD-WPT-SVD和指数加权平均的MOA阻性电流去干扰方法

金属氧化物避雷器(metal oxide arrester,MOA)阻性电流测量受环境干扰、高频噪声干扰和脉冲干扰等因素的影响,阻性电流实测信号必然含有多种强干扰成分.针对传统阻性电流去干扰方法在多种并发干扰情形下难以适用的难题,提出了一种基于EMD-WPT-SVD和指数加权平均的MOA阻性电流去干扰方法.首先,依据阻性电流中周期干扰的基波频率、采样频率和特征频率是否被间谐波浸没的特点,选取最佳分解层数和最优小波基;其次,对MOA阻性电流进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD),将含有特征频率的模态分量再使用小波包变换(wavelet packet transform,WPT),使每个子信号最多含有一个特征频率;再采用奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)准确提取所有子信号中的周期分量;最后,从原信号中准确消除阻性电流受到的周期干扰,然后通过指数加权平均算法得到能真实反映MOA工况的阻性电流变化趋势.将模拟信号和工程实测数据与多种经典方法进行比较,结果证明:所提方法能消除阻性电流的多种干扰,得到能真实反映MOA实时工况的阻性电流,其结果满足实际工程测量的要求.     

Importance of Low-Temperature Melt-Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends

The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt-mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high-efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt-mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt-processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.     

Effect and Evolution of Oxide Film in the HDH-Ti Powder Surface on Densification Behavior During Sintering

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - In this work, we used hydride-dehydride Ti (HDH-Ti) powders (with the oxygen levels of 0.17 and 0.51 wt pct, respectively) combined with microstructural...     

地聚合物混凝土配比及力学性能研究

混凝土是巷道支护过程中的重要建筑材料,然而混凝土在巷道施工中常常出现质量问题,为了不影响正常生产,需要对其进行修补。地聚合物混凝土凝结时间快,早期强度高,界面结合能力强,耐高温性和抗冻性强,耐腐蚀性良好,具有用作修补材料的潜力。以粉煤灰和矿粉为原料,Na₂SiO₃溶液和NaOH为碱激发剂制备地聚合物胶砂,研究不同的碱激发剂模数（1.0、1.2、1.4）和掺量（10%、15%、20%）对不同龄期胶砂力学性能的影响。结果表明：当碱激发剂模数为1.2,碱掺量为15%时,胶砂强度达到最大值。设计正交试验,研究了不同水胶比（0.45、0.50、0.55）、粉煤灰掺量（30%、50%、70%）和砂率（30%、35%、40%）对不同龄期地聚合物混凝土的工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰掺量对抗压强度影响最为显著,水胶比次之,而砂率对强度发展几乎没有影响。最优的配合比为水胶比为0.50,粉煤灰掺量为50%,砂率为35%。