Effect of Counterions on Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica by the Route of Template

Mesoporous silica materials with ordered hexagonal and parallel-arranged pore channel have been synthesized using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide as a template and Na₂SO₄ as counterions. Their ordered mesostructures were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption analysis. The effects of Na₂SO₄ concentration on variations of morphology, specific surface area, and pore size were discussed; the results show that a high concentration of Na₂SO₄ induces the formation of crystal threads with a "tubules-within-tubule" structure, and also leads to mesoporous silica materials with spherical, fabaceous, sheet-like, or prismatic shapes. The results also show that a high concentration of Na₂SO₄ can make the pore size decrease, but cannot change pore wall thickness, demonstrating the stability of the hexagonal-shaped pores.     

酸酐固化聚二甲基硅氧烷改性环氧树脂体系的研究

合成了聚二甲基硅氧烷与环氧树脂的增容剂，以甲基四氢苯酐为固化剂固化聚二甲基硅氧烷改性环氧树脂体系，通过测定，中击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度分析了其增韧增强效果。结果表明，增容剂的加入提高了环氧树脂与聚二甲基硅氧烷的相容性，当聚二甲基硅氧烷的含量为10％时，改性环氧树脂体系的力学性能最好；并通过热失重法、差示扫描量热法测定了固化物的热性能，其耐热稳定性与纯环氧树脂相比有明显提高。     

Photocross-linking of low-density polyethylene. III. Supermolecular structure studied by SALS

The supermolecular structure of photocross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been studied by small-angle light scattering (SALS). The data show that the spherulitic structure of XLPE gradually deteriorates with increasing degree of cross-linking and increasing irradiation temperature from well-developed spherulites to rodlike aggregates and disordered lamellar structures. A photocross-linked sample of PE has lower crystallinity, smaller crystallites, and smaller spherulites than does the original sample. At high degrees of cross-linking, the SALS patterns show little or no spherulitic structure. Results with photocross-linked polyethylene demonstrate that the overall effect of cross-linking on the morphological structure is similar to that of an increase in molecular weight of the polymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Photoinitiated crosslinking of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers and characterization of related properties

Photoinitiated crosslinking of EVA in the presence of benzophenone (BP) as photoinitiator and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) as crosslinker and characterization of the related properties have been studied by gel determination, heat extension, DSC, DMTA, TGA, and mechanical measurements. The photoinitiated crosslinking efficiency of the EVA‐BP‐TAIC system and various factors affecting the crosslinking process, such as photoinitiator and crosslinker and their concentrations, irradiation temperature, and irradiation atmosphere were studied in detail and optimized by comparison of gel contents. The results show that the EVA samples with a thickness of 1 mm are readily crosslinked to a gel content of above 80% with 5 s UV‐irradiation under optimum conditions. The data from the heat extension and DSC show that the crosslinking density of photocrosslinked EVA increase and their crystallinities decrease with increasing the UV‐irradiation time. At the same time, photocrosslinking of EVA leads to a lowering of the melt temperature and a decrease of heat of fusion. The DMTA results show that photocrosslinking increases the amorphous phase and storage modulus of the crosslinked EVA, but does not change the glass transition temperature. The data from TGA and mechanical tests give evidence that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of photocrosslinked EVA samples are much better than those of the uncrosslinked EVA. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1761–1767, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Synthesis and thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior of novel main‐chain poly(aryl ether ketones)

Novel aromatic poly(ether ketones) containing bulky lateral groups were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4,4′‐biphenol and (4‐chloro‐3‐trifluoromethyl)phenylhydroquinone (CF‐PH) with 1,4‐bis(p‐fluorobenzoyl)benzene. The copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and polarized light microscopy observation. Thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior was observed in the copolymers containing 40, 50, 60, and 70 mol % CF‐PH. The crystalline–liquid‐crystalline transition [melting temperature (T_m)] and the liquid‐crystalline–isotropic phase transition appeared in the DSC thermograms, whereas the biphenol‐based homopolymer had only a melting transition. The novel poly(aryl ether ketones) had glass‐transition temperatures that ranged from 143 to 151°C and lower T_m's that ranged from 279 to 291°C, due to the copolymerization. The polymers showed high thermal stability, and some exhibited a large range in mesophase stability. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1347–1350, 2003     

Low-temperature catalytic combustion of methane over MnO x –CeO2 mixed oxide catalysts: Effect of preparation method

The effect of preparation method on MnO _x –CeO₂ mixed oxide catalysts for methane combustion at low temperature was investigated by means of BET, XRD, XPS, H₂-TPR techniques and methane oxidation reaction. The catalysts were prepared by the conventional coprecipitation, plasma and modified coprecipitation methods, respectively. It was found that the catalyst prepared by modified coprecipitation was the most active, over which methane conversion reached 90% at a temperature as low as 390 °C. The XRD results showed the preparation methods had no effect on the solid solution structure of MnO _x –CeO₂ catalysts. More Mn⁴⁺ and richer lattice oxygen were found on the surface of the modified coprecipitation prepared catalyst with the help of XPS analysis, and its reduction and BET surface area were remarkably promoted. These factors could be responsible for its higher activity for methane combustion at low temperature.     

Acceleration or retardation to crystallization if liquid-liquid phase separation occurs: Studies on a polyolefin blend by SAXS/WAXD, DSC and TEM

Blends of statistical copolymers containing ethylene/hexene (PEH) and ethylene/butene (PEB) exhibited the behavior of upper critical solution temperature (UCST). The interplay between the early and intermediate stage liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and crystallization of the PEH/PEB 50/50 blend was studied by time-resolved simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Samples were treated by two different quench procedures: in single quench, the sample was directly quenched from 160 °C to isothermal crystallization temperature of 114 °C; while in double quench, the sample was firstly quenched to 130 °C for 20 min annealing, where LLPS occurred, and then to 114 °C. It was found that in the early stage of crystallization, the integrated values of Iq² and crystallinity, X_c, in the double quench procedure were consistently higher than those in the single quench procedure, which could be attributed to accelerated nucleation induced by enhanced concentration fluctuations and interfacial tension. In the late stage of crystallization, some morphological parameters were found to crossover and then reverse, which could be explained by retardation of lamellar growth due to phase separation formed during the double quench procedure. This phenomenon was also confirmed by DSC measurements in blends of different compositions at varying isothermal crystallization temperatures. The crystal lamellar thickness determined by SAXS showed a good agreement with TEM observation. Results indicated that the early stage LLPS in the PEH/PEB blend prior to crystallization indeed dictated the resulting lamellar structures, including the average size of lamellar stack and the stack distribution. There seemed to be little variation of lamellar thickness and long period between the two quenching procedures (i.e., single quench versus double quench).     

产品开发设计课程群实践教学体系的构建

工业设计专业的产品开发设计课程群涉及一系列实践教学环节.围绕课程群总的教学目标构建实践教学体系,有利于提高实践教学的效率.介绍了西安石油大学工业设计专业产品开发设计课程群实践教学体系的构建及实施情况和效果.     

利用Camshift算法实现运动目标自动跟踪

为实现在背景复杂、颜色混淆、目标形变等环境下自动跟踪目标,将Camshift算法对色调分量敏感的特性推广到饱和度、亮度等分量,构造了颜色三分量凸函数组合模型,利用多目标规划最优求解法获取自适应颜色识别最佳组合解,结合质心、倾角识别和Kalman运动信息预测跟踪技术,取得了复杂场景下多色度目标发生旋转、遮挡和速率变化时都能精确跟踪的效果,并将这种改进的Camshift组合算法应用在自适应实时跟踪系统上,提高了系统识别速度和跟踪能力。     

网络环境下信息检索特点与方法探讨

本文探讨了网络环境下信息检索的特点、方法与技巧,认为检索工具选用、检索关键词挑选以及一些简单的检索方法和技巧,对网络环境下进行信息检索具有很大帮助。