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21.
Luis M. Torres Ramiro Torres Ralf Borndörfer Marc E. Pfetsch 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2011,18(4):455-472
We discuss an optimization model for the line planning problem in public transport in order to minimize operation costs while guaranteeing a certain level of quality of service, in terms of available transport capacity. We analyze the computational complexity of this problem for tree network topologies as well as several categories of line operations that are important for the Quito Trolebús system. In practice, these instances can be solved quite well, and significant optimization potentials can be demonstrated. 相似文献
22.
Wjatscheslaw Missal Jaroslaw KitaEberhard Wappler Frieder GoraAnnette Kipka Thomas BartnitzekFranz Bechtold Dirk SchabbelBeate Pawlowski Ralf Moos 《Sensors and actuators. A, Physical》2011,172(1):21-26
A miniaturized ceramic differential scanning calorimeter (MC-DSC) with integrated oven and crucible is presented. Despite its small size of only 11 mm × 39 mm × 1.5 mm, all functions of a conventional DSC apparatus are integrated in this novel device - including the oven. The MC-DSC is fully manufactured in thick-film and green glass ceramic tape-based low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) technology. Therefore, production costs are considered to be low. Initial results using indium as a sample material show a good dynamic performance of the MC-DSC. Full width at half maximum of the melting peak is 2.4 °C (sample mass approx. 11 mg, heating rate approx. 50 °C/min). Repeatability of the indium melting point is within ±0.02 °C. The melting peak area increases linearly with the sample mass up to at least 26 mg. Simulations of a strongly simplified finite element model of the MC-DSC are in a good agreement with measurement results allowing a model-based prediction of its basic characteristics. 相似文献
23.
Thomas Neumann Matthias Bender Sebastian Michel Ralf Schenkel Peter Triantafillou Gerhard Weikum 《Distributed and Parallel Databases》2009,26(1):3-27
Top-k query processing is a fundamental building block for efficient ranking in a large number of applications. Efficiency is a
central issue, especially for distributed settings, when the data is spread across different nodes in a network. This paper
introduces novel optimization methods for top-k aggregation queries in such distributed environments. The optimizations can be applied to all algorithms that fall into the
frameworks of the prior TPUT and KLEE methods. The optimizations address three degrees of freedom: 1) hierarchically grouping
input lists into top-k operator trees and optimizing the tree structure, 2) computing data-adaptive scan depths for different input sources, and
3) data-adaptive sampling of a small subset of input sources in scenarios with hundreds or thousands of query-relevant network
nodes. All optimizations are based on a statistical cost model that utilizes local synopses, e.g., in the form of histograms,
efficiently computed convolutions, and estimators based on order statistics. The paper presents comprehensive experiments,
with three different real-life datasets and using the ns-2 network simulator for a packet-level simulation of a large Internet-style
network. 相似文献
24.
Geno-mathematical identification of the multi-layer perceptron 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ralf Östermark 《Neural computing & applications》2009,18(4):331-344
In this paper, we will focus on the use of the three-layer backpropagation network in vector-valued time series estimation
problems. The neural network provides a framework for noncomplex calculations to solve the estimation problem, yet the search
for optimal or even feasible neural networks for stochastic processes is both time consuming and uncertain. The backpropagation
algorithm—written in strict ANSI C—has been implemented as a standalone support library for the genetic hybrid algorithm (GHA)
running on any sequential or parallel main frame computer. In order to cope with ill-conditioned time series problems, we
extended the original backpropagation algorithm to a K nearest neighbors algorithm (K-NARX), where the number K is determined genetically along with a set of key parameters. In the K-NARX algorithm, the terminal solution at instant t can be used as a starting point for the next t, which tends to stabilize the optimization process when dealing with autocorrelated time series vectors. This possibility
has proved to be especially useful in difficult time series problems. Following the prevailing research directions, we use
a genetic algorithm to determine optimal parameterizations for the network, including the lag structure for the nonlinear
vector time series system, the net structure with one or two hidden layers and the corresponding number of nodes, type of
activation function (currently the standard logistic sigmoid, a bipolar transformation, the hyperbolic tangent, an exponential
function and the sine function), the type of minimization algorithm, the number K of nearest neighbors in the K-NARX procedure, the initial value of the Levenberg–Marquardt damping parameter and the value of the neural learning (stabilization)
coefficient α. We have focused on a flexible structure allowing addition of, e.g., new minimization algorithms and activation
functions in the future. We demonstrate the power of the genetically trimmed K-NARX algorithm on a representative data set. 相似文献
25.
Adrian Blumer Jan Novák Ralf Habel Derek Nowrouzezahrai Wojciech Jarosz 《Computer Graphics Forum》2016,35(7):461-473
Aggregate scattering operators (ASOs) describe the overall scattering behavior of an asset (i.e., an object or volume, or collection thereof) accounting for all orders of its internal scattering. We propose a practical way to precompute and compactly store ASOs and demonstrate their ability to accelerate path tracing. Our approach is modular avoiding costly and inflexible scene‐dependent precomputation. This is achieved by decoupling light transport within and outside of each asset, and precomputing on a per‐asset level. We store the internal transport in a reduced‐dimensional subspace tailored to the structure of the asset geometry, its scattering behavior, and typical illumination conditions, allowing the ASOs to maintain good accuracy with modest memory requirements. The precomputed ASO can be reused across all instances of the asset and across multiple scenes. We augment ASOs with functionality enabling multi‐bounce importance sampling, fast short‐circuiting of complex light paths, and compact caching, while retaining rapid progressive preview rendering. We demonstrate the benefits of our ASOs by efficiently path tracing scenes containing many instances of objects with complex inter‐reflections or multiple scattering. 相似文献
26.
Vasileios Belagiannis Xinchao Wang Horesh Beny Ben Shitrit Kiyoshi Hashimoto Ralf Stauder Yoshimitsu Aoki Michael Kranzfelder Armin Schneider Pascal Fua Slobodan Ilic Hubertus Feussner Nassir Navab 《Machine Vision and Applications》2016,27(7):1035-1046
Multiple human pose estimation is an important yet challenging problem. In an operating room (OR) environment, the 3D body poses of surgeons and medical staff can provide important clues for surgical workflow analysis. For that purpose, we propose an algorithm for localizing and recovering body poses of multiple human in an OR environment under a multi-camera setup. Our model builds on 3D Pictorial Structures and 2D body part localization across all camera views, using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). To evaluate our algorithm, we introduce a dataset captured in a real OR environment. Our dataset is unique, challenging and publicly available with annotated ground truths. Our proposed algorithm yields to promising pose estimation results on this dataset. 相似文献
27.
Christoph Bosshard Roland Bouffanais Michel Deville Ralf Gruber Jonas Latt 《Computers & Fluids》2011,44(1):1-8
In this paper, a comprehensive performance review of an MPI-based high-order three-dimensional spectral element method C++ toolbox is presented. The focus is put on the performance evaluation of several aspects with a particular emphasis on the parallel efficiency. The performance evaluation is analyzed with the help of a time prediction model based on a parameterization of the application and the hardware resources. Two tailor-made benchmark cases in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are introduced and used to carry out this review, stressing the particular interest for clusters with up to thousands of cores. Some problems in the parallel implementation have been detected and corrected. The theoretical complexities with respect to the number of elements, to the polynomial degree, and to communication needs are correctly reproduced. It is concluded that this type of code has a nearly perfect speedup on machines with thousands of cores, and is ready to make the step to next-generation petaFLOP machines. 相似文献
28.
Ralf Steinmetz Author VitaeAndré KönigAuthor Vitae 《Performance Evaluation》2011,68(9):750-767
Recent developments in the area of decentralized and infrastructureless systems opened avenues for novel applications. Along with these new technologies, new questions regarding their operational bounds in terms of e.g. scalability and security arose. Due to the sparse presence of real-world decentralized and infrastructureless systems, new protocols and applications have to be scrutinized by means of simulation, in (small-scale) testbeds, and by analytical models. In this paper, we discuss challenges of evaluating security mechanisms for mobile ad hoc networks and peer-to-peer systems. We focus on harmonizing predictions of analytical models and results obtained from simulation studies and testbed experiments. 相似文献
29.
In the Horn theory based approach for cryptographic protocol analysis, cryptographic protocols and (Dolev?CYao) intruders are modeled by Horn theories and security analysis boils down to solving the derivation problem for Horn theories. This approach and the tools based on this approach, including ProVerif, have been very successful in the automatic analysis of cryptographic protocols. However, dealing with the algebraic properties of operators, such as the exclusive OR (XOR), which are frequently used in cryptographic protocols has been problematic. In particular, ProVerif cannot deal with XOR. In this paper, we show how to reduce the derivation problem for Horn theories with XOR to the XOR-free case. Our reduction works for an expressive class of Horn theories. A large class of intruder capabilities and protocols that employ the XOR operator can be modeled by these theories. Our reduction allows us to carry out protocol analysis using tools, such as ProVerif, that cannot deal with XOR, but are very efficient in the XOR-free case. We implemented our reduction and, in combination with ProVerif, used it for the fully automatic analysis of several protocols that employ the XOR operator. Among others, our analysis revealed a new attack on an IBM security module. 相似文献
30.
We describe a Prolog-based approach to the development of language processors (such as preprocessors, frontends, evaluators, tools for software modification and analysis). The design of the corresponding environment Laptob for prological language processing is outlined. Language processor definitions in Laptob are basically Prolog programs. The programs might contain grammars, that is, we consider logic grammars. The programs can be typed, and they can be higher-order. The adaptation and composition of the logic programs themselves is supported by meta-programming. The environment offers tool support for efficient scanning, testing, and application development based on a make-system. We report on recent and ongoing applications of the Prolog-based approach. 相似文献