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941.
Working as an ensemble method that establishes a committee of classifiers first and then aggregates their outcomes through majority voting, bagging has attracted considerable research interest and been applied in various application domains. It has demonstrated several advantages, but in its present form, bagging has been found to be less accurate than some other ensemble methods. To unlock its power and expand its user base, we propose an approach that improves bagging through the use of multi-algorithm ensembles. In a multi-algorithm ensemble, multiple classification algorithms are employed. Starting from a study of the nature of diversity, we show that compared to using different training sets alone, using heterogeneous algorithms together with different training sets increases diversity in ensembles, and hence we provide a fundamental explanation for research utilizing heterogeneous algorithms. In addition, we partially address the problem of the relationship between diversity and accuracy by providing a non-linear function that describes the relationship between diversity and correlation. Furthermore, after realizing that the bootstrap procedure is the exclusive source of diversity in bagging, we use heterogeneity as another source of diversity and propose an approach utilizing heterogeneous algorithms in bagging. For evaluation, we consider several benchmark data sets from various application domains. The results indicate that, in terms of F1-measure, our approach outperforms most of the other state-of-the-art ensemble methods considered in experiments and, in terms of mean margin, our approach is superior to all the others considered in experiments. 相似文献
942.
943.
Kiyoshi Okada Akiyoshi Hattori Yoshikazu Kameshima Atsuo Yasumori Rathindra Nath Das 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(5):1233-1236
The effect of monovalent cation addition on the γ-Al2 O3 -to-α-Al2 O3 phase transition was investigated by differential thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffractometry, and specific-surface-area measurements. The cations Li+ , Na+ , Ag+ , K+ , Rb+ , and Cs+ were added by an impregnation method, using the appropriate nitrate solution. β-Al2 O3 was the crystalline aluminate phase that formed by reaction between these additives and Al2 O3 in the vicinity of the γ-to-α-Al2 O3 transition temperature, with the exception of Li+ . The transition temperature increased as the ionic radii of the additive increased. The change in specific surface area of these samples after heat treatment showed a trend similar to that of the phase-transition temperature. Thus, Cs+ was concluded to be the most effective of the present monovalent additives for enhancing the thermal stability of γ-Al2 O3 . Because the order of the phase-transition temperature coincided with that of the formation temperature of β-Al2 O3 in these samples, suppression of ionic diffusion in γ-Al2 O3 by the amorphous phase containing the added cations must have played an important role in retarding the transition to α-Al2 O3 . Larger cations suppressed the diffusion reaction more effectively. 相似文献
944.
D. N. Srivastava S. K. Bhatt K. N. Udupa 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1976,53(10):607-608
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves (family Malvaceae) were analyzed for their fatty acid, fatty alcohol, and hydrocarbon contents. Wax hydrocarbons ranging
from C16 to C32 with C23, C25, C27, and C31 as major components and wax alcohols between C21 and C30 with C26, iso-C28, and iso-C30 as major components were found to be present in the petroleum ether fraction of the leaves. Fatty acids ranging from C8 to C28 with C8, C12, C14, C16, and C18:2 as major components were found in the combined form. Two cyclic acids, sterculic and malvalic, have also been identified. 相似文献
945.
Amitava Bandyopadhyay Manindra Nath Biswas 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(9):1211-1225
BACKGROUND: Investigations of hold up (εg) and interfacial area (a) in cylindrical bubble columns have been reported extensively but reported similar investigations in tapered bubble columns are sparse in the existing literature. Thus the current article reports the experimental determination of εg and a using a tapered bubble column. RESULTS: The present system generated εg (0.556 to 0.641) in a CO2? NaOH system 20% higher than in an air–water system (0.466 to 0.534) and values were higher than in existing systems. Also, the values of εg in the air–water system were higher than reported for a column with shorter tapered angle. Values of εg fitted very well with the well‐known Akita and Yoshida correlation. The observed values of a (235 and 700 m2 m?3) were higher than values obtained (2 to 600 m2 m?3) in existing systems. The energy dissipation was 203 to 335 W m?3, which was lower than that (100 to 1200 W/m3) in existing systems. A correlation developed to predict the pressure drop in terms of Euler number was statistically highly significant. CONCLUSION: The present research a chieved higher values of hold up and interfacial area, and lower values of energy dissipation per unit volume of dispersion compared with existing systems. Findings of the present study coupled with previous studies indicate that the tapered bubble column developed could find potential application not only in air pollution control but also in gas‐liquid mass transfer operations. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
946.
Pulak Nath Tuhin S. Maity Frida Pettersson Jesse Resnick Yuliya Kunde Noelle Kraus Nicolas Castano 《Microsystem Technologies》2014,20(6):1187-1193
Laser patterned adhesive transfer tapes are a rapid, versatile, and low cost option to fabricate microfluidic platforms. In this work, we examined the compatibility with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of different types of adhesive tape materials patterned with a CO2 laser cutter. Acrylic, polyimide, and silicone-based tapes were considered. We performed a systematic study on off-the-shelf adhesive tapes with respect to fluid handling, PCR inhibition, reagent loss, and on-chip PCR reaction. A novel microfluidic PCR approach was implemented that combines the advantages of previously reported systems. It uses a thermal gradient from a single heating element and the thermocycling was carried out by passing the reaction mixture back and forth in a microfluidic channel strategically placed along the thermal gradient. Only the silicone-based tapes were compatible with on-chip PCR. The overall fabrication process takes less than 30 min, uses only off-the-shelf finished or semi-finished materials, and is amenable to large-scale reel-to-reel processing. 相似文献
947.
Tieyun Qian Qing Li Bing Liu Hui Xiong Jaideep Srivastava Phillip C. -Y. Sheu 《World Wide Web》2014,17(6):1343-1373
Recent years have witnessed increased interests in topic detection and tracking (TDT). However, existing work mainly focuses on overall trend analysis, and is not developed for understanding the evolving process of topics. To this end, this paper aims to reveal the underlying process and reasons for topic formation and development (TFD). Along this line, based on community partitioning in social networks, a core-group model is proposed to explain the dynamics and to segment topic development. This model is inspired by the cell division mechanism in biology. Furthermore, according to the division phase and interphase in the life cycle of a core group, a topic is separated into four states including birth state, extending state, saturation state and shrinkage state. In this paper, we mainly focus our studies on scientific topic formation and development using the citation network structure among scientific papers. Experimental results on two real-world data sets show that the division of a core group brings on the generation of a new scientific topic. The results also reveal that the progress of an entire scientific topic is closely correlated to the growth of a core group during its interphase. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in several real-life scenarios. 相似文献
948.
Changing the behavior of human operators is an underutilized approach to reduce the resource consumption of manufacturing. We created an ontology to make more accessible the existing work on behavior change, and categorized current knowledge under the headings: Problem Types, Barriers, Principles, Strategies, Mechanisms, Applications and Authors. Constructed using a web ontology language, the structure allows free navigation from any of the above category headings, and enables design practitioners better access to the strategies most relevant to their problem. We provide an example of how researchers can identify useful strategies for a specific problem in manufacturing. 相似文献
949.
950.
Arunandan Kumar Ritu Srivastava Priyanka Tyagi M.N. Kamalasanan D.S. Mehta 《Organic Electronics》2012,13(12):2879-2886
Nanostructures of indium tin oxide (NSITO) deposited using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique are used to enhance the outcoupling efficiency of blue and green OLEDs. The enhancement was found to be angle independent. The efficiency of device has increased by about 2.1 times by the use of NSITO at glass/air interface and ITO/glass interface. Similarly nano-phosphor particles were used to recover the glass modes by depositing them on the backside of the substrates. Both these methods were found to be effective for outcoupling efficiency enhancement. 相似文献