全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6589篇 |
免费 | 160篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 25篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
化学工业 | 773篇 |
金属工艺 | 68篇 |
机械仪表 | 107篇 |
建筑科学 | 98篇 |
矿业工程 | 12篇 |
能源动力 | 103篇 |
轻工业 | 715篇 |
水利工程 | 24篇 |
石油天然气 | 22篇 |
武器工业 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 131篇 |
一般工业技术 | 383篇 |
冶金工业 | 3991篇 |
原子能技术 | 17篇 |
自动化技术 | 273篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 137篇 |
2021年 | 133篇 |
2020年 | 74篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 86篇 |
2017年 | 118篇 |
2016年 | 90篇 |
2015年 | 76篇 |
2014年 | 107篇 |
2013年 | 223篇 |
2012年 | 207篇 |
2011年 | 204篇 |
2010年 | 157篇 |
2009年 | 149篇 |
2008年 | 145篇 |
2007年 | 161篇 |
2006年 | 94篇 |
2005年 | 87篇 |
2004年 | 66篇 |
2003年 | 60篇 |
2002年 | 50篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 158篇 |
1998年 | 1316篇 |
1997年 | 707篇 |
1996年 | 493篇 |
1995年 | 287篇 |
1994年 | 229篇 |
1993年 | 260篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 54篇 |
1990年 | 49篇 |
1989年 | 54篇 |
1988年 | 51篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 28篇 |
1981年 | 24篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 65篇 |
1976年 | 156篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有6753条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
The nature of the physiological stimulus inducing decidualization in the endometrium is unknown. In this study we attempted to verify a recent report that relaxin can induce decidualization in intact mice primed with a high dose of estradiol valerate (5 micrograms) and a low dose (10 micrograms) of medroxyprogesterone acetate. In our study, neither s.c. nor intrauterine relaxin, nor intraluminal arachis oil, (an established deciduogenic stimulus) were able to induce decidualization. In addition, while oil was able to induce decidualization (increased uterine weight, and positive Pontamine Sky Blue and stromal alkaline phosphatase reactions) in ovariectomized mice treated with a regimen of estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate designed to produce optimum uterine sensitivity, no decidualization occurred in response to either s.c. or intraluminal relaxin. This study fails to provide any support for a role for relaxin as a deciduogenic stimulus. 相似文献
82.
JB Henshaw CA Olsen AR Farnbach KH Nielson JD Bell 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,37(30):10709-10721
Bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine initially resist catalysis by phospholipase A2. However, after a latency period, they become susceptible when sufficient reaction products (lysolecithin and fatty acid) accumulate in the membrane. Temperature near the main bilayer phase transition and calcium concentration modulate the effectiveness of the reaction products. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual contributions of lysolecithin and palmitic acid to the susceptibility of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and to rationalize the effects of temperature and calcium. Various fluorescent probes (Prodan, Laurdan, pyrene-labeled fatty acid, and dansyl-labeled phospholipid) were used to assess changes in the ability of the reaction products to perturb the bilayer and to affect the interactions with the enzyme. Un-ionized palmitic acid decreased bilayer polarity and perturbed the membrane surface exposing some of the Prodan to bulk water. Lysolecithin increased bilayer polarity and the rate of dipolar relaxation in response to the excited states of Laurdan and Prodan. A combination of the individual contributions of each product was observed when palmitic acid and lysolecithin were present together at low calcium, and the effects of lysolecithin dominated at high calcium. Palmitic acid, but not lysolecithin, promoted the binding of phospholipase A2 to the bilayer surface in the absence of calcium. Lysolecithin reduced the ability of fatty acid to enhance binding apparently by altering the structure of fatty acid domains in the membrane. Furthermore, increased temperature and ionization of the fatty acid tended to cause segregation of bound phospholipase A2 into domains poor in phospholipid content which presumably impeded bilayer hydrolysis. In contrast, un-ionized palmitic acid and lysolecithin promoted hydrolysis by augmenting a step distal to the adsorption of enzyme to the bilayer. This kinetic response to lysolecithin was calcium-dependent. A model accounting for these varied influences of the reaction products is presented. 相似文献
83.
J de Seze JC Hache P Vermersch CF Arndt CA Maurage F Pasquier JL Laplanche MM Ruchoux D Leys A Destée H Petit 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,51(4):962-967
OBJECTIVE: The predictive value of electrophysiologic visual testing in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was investigated, and the retinal pathologic findings in three cases are reported. BACKGROUND: The fatal prognosis of CJD, its transmissibility, and the lack of treatment make early diagnosis essential in averting human-to-human transmission. Electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials have been studied in few cases of CJD. METHODS: A visual electrophysiologic examination was performed in 41 consecutive patients referred with suspected CJD. The disease had been diagnosed in 24 patients (CJD group; 15 were confirmed neuropathologically and 9 by clinicolaboratory methods in accordance with diagnostic criteria). The remaining 17 patients were diagnosed with other neurologic disorders, and served as a control group. RESULTS: Flash electroretinogram revealed a significant decrease in the amplitude of the B1 wave (<60 microV) and the B/A ratio (<2) in the CJD group compared with those in the control group. Flash visual evoked potentials revealed no significant difference in latency, but amplitude was increased (>10 microV) in the CJD group, especially in patients with myoclonus. CONCLUSIONS: The visual electrophysiologic abnormalities provide an interesting noninvasive diagnostic tool in idiopathic CJD. The B1-wave decrease is closely correlated with the outer plexiform layer abnormalities observed on neuropathologic examination. 相似文献
84.
85.
86.
KN Prasad E Carvalho J Edwards-Prasad FG La Rosa S Kumar JH Kim A Meyers S Kentroti 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,(5):312-320
This study reports the establishment of alpha-amylase-producing human parotid pleomorphic adenoma cell lines (2HP and 2HP1) which have been maintained in culture for over 1 yr. The procedures required preparation of cellular clumps from tumor tissue and plating them on plasma clot or precoated dishes. During the initial phase of growth they required modified MCDB-153 medium without serum. When cells showed signs of degeneration they were changed to MCDB-153 medium containing first 2% and then 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. Although cells grew well in MCDB-153 containing 10% serum, the epithelial cell morphology was not distinct. Therefore, the growth and morphology of cells grown in MCDB-10% serum were compared with those in RPMI growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and F12 containing 10% agammaglobulin newborn bovine serum. Although the growth of cells was a little slower in F12 medium than those in MCDB and RPMI, the epithelial cell morphology was maintained better than in other growth media. The cells of 2HP and 2HP1 produce low levels of alpha-amylase and relatively high levels of alpha-amylase mRNAs of 1176 and 702 bp and contain neurofilament-160, a neuronal-specific marker. The cells of 2HP1 are tumorigenic when tested in athymic mice, but the cells of 2HP are not. The establishment of amylase-producing human parotid adenoma cell lines of different characteristics in culture provides a new opportunity to study the mechanisms of differentiation and transformation, and regulation of alpha-amylase in these cells. 相似文献
87.
88.
During secondary immune responses to influenza virus, virus-specific T memory cells are a major source of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). We assessed the contribution of IFN-gamma to heterologous protection against the A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus of wild-type and IFN-gamma-/- mice previously immunized with the A/HK/68 (H3N2) virus. The IFN-gamma-/- mice displayed significantly reduced survival rates subsequent to a challenge with various doses of the A/WSN/33 virus. This was associated with an impaired ability of the IFN-gamma-/- mice to completely clear the pulmonary virus by day 7 after the challenge, although significant reduction of the virus titers was noted. However, the IFN-gamma-/- mice developed type A influenza virus cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) similar to the wild-type mice, as demonstrated by both cytotoxicity and a limiting-dilution assay for the estimation of CTL precursor frequency. The pulmonary recruitment of T cells in IFN-gamma-/- mice was not dramatically affected, and the percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was similar to that of wild-type mice. The T cells from IFN-gamma-/- mice did not display a significant switch toward a Th2 profile. Furthermore, the IFN-gamma-/- mice retained the ability to mount significant titers of WSN and HK virus-specific hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. Together, these results are consistent with a protective role of IFN-gamma during the heterologous response against influenza virus independently of the generation and local recruitment of cross-reactive CTLs. 相似文献
89.
Y Huang CA Macera SN Blair PA Brill HW Kohl JJ Kronenfeld 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,30(9):1430-1435
PURPOSE: A cohort of middle-aged and older men and women were followed for an average of 5.5 yr to examine the association between physical fitness, physical activity, and the prevalence of functional limitation. METHODS: The participants received medical assessments between 1980 and 1988 and responded to a mail-back survey regarding functional status in 1990. RESULTS: Among 3495 men and 1175 women over 40 yr of age at baseline, 350 (7.5%) reported at least one functional limitation in daily or household activities at follow-up. The prevalence of functional limitation was higher among women than men. Physically fit and physically active participants reported less functional limitation than unfit or sedentary participants. After controlling for age and other risk factors, the prevalence of functional limitation was lower for both moderately fit (odds ratio = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.6) and high fit men (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.2-0.4), compared with low fit men. Corresponding figures for women were 0.5 (0.3-0.7) and 0.3 (0.2-0.5) for moderately fit and high fit women. The association between physical activity and functional limitation was similar to the data for physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS: These data support a protective effect of physical fitness and physical activity on functional limitation among older adults and extend this protective effect to middle-aged men and women. 相似文献
90.