Addressing dependability by applying an approach for model-based risk assessment

This paper describes how an approach for model-based risk assessment (MBRA) can be applied for addressing different dependability factors in a critical application. Dependability factors, such as availability, reliability, safety and security, are important when assessing the dependability degree of total systems involving digital instrumentation and control (I&C) sub-systems. In order to identify risk sources their roles with regard to intentional system aspects such as system functions, component behaviours and intercommunications must be clarified. Traditional risk assessment is based on fault or risk models of the system. In contrast to this, MBRA utilizes success-oriented models describing all intended system aspects, including functional, operational and organizational aspects of the target. The EU-funded CORAS project developed a tool-supported methodology for the application of MBRA in security-critical systems. The methodology has been tried out within the telemedicine and e-commerce areas, and provided through a series of seven trials a sound basis for risk assessments. In this paper the results from the CORAS project are presented, and it is discussed how the approach for applying MBRA meets the needs of a risk-informed Man–Technology–Organization (MTO) model, and how methodology can be applied as a part of a trust case development.     

Parameterization and analysis of the optical absorption and scattering coefficients in a western Norwegian fjord: a case II water study

Based on statistical analyses of optical properties measured during a whole year of monthly cruises in a Norwegian fjord, we constructed a two-component model for the absorption and scattering coefficients for visible light. The input to the model is the concentrations of yellow substance and chlorophyll a. Because of the presence of a significant amount of nonalgal particles in coastal water, we assume that the absorption and scattering coefficients approach constant background values when the concentration of chlorophyll a approaches zero. The model works reasonably for a variety of optical conditions encountered throughout the year, with a possible exception during a bloom of the Emiliania huxleyi algae in June.     

Optically reconfigurable azobenzene polymer-based fiber Bragg filter

Optically writable, thermally erasable surface relief gratings in thin Disperse Red 1 polymethyl methacrylate azopolymer films were used to demonstrate an arbitrarily reconfigurable fiber Bragg filter. Gratings were optically written on azopolymer-coated side-polished fiber blocks, and a write-erase-write cycle was demonstrated. Finite difference time domain simulations reveal that this optically reconfigurable device concept can be optimized in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide platform.     

Membrane processes for water,pulp and paper,food state of the art

General trends, observations and personal viewpoints are presented on membrane processes for the water, pulp and paper, and the food industry. Thus electrodialysis, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration are considered form their historic and economic aspects, and thoughts are advanced on how and why institutions and companies have entered this technology and which entities will be leading the development in the eighties.     

Influence of adult prohibition style on moral judgments of children.

Examined the effects of act- and outcome-oriented adult prohibitions on the moral judgments of 7- and 9-yr-old children. Moral dilemmas portraying children in hospital settings were presented to 32 Ss aged 6.0–9.11 yrs. The stimulus presentation contained an audiotaped adult prohibition directed at the portrayed target children: one prohibition condition (act oriented) emphasized a desired action, while the other (outcome oriented) emphasized a desired outcome. In line with predictions, the direction of moral judgments made by 7-yr-olds was influenced by the nature of the antecedent adult prohibition, with intentional judgments made under the act-oriented condition and consequential judgments under the outcome-oriented condition. Nine-yr-olds gave intentional judgments in both conditions. The results provide some support for a cognitive-developmental view of child discipline. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wärmebedarf und Wärmeverbrauch bei der künstlichen Holztrocknung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wärmerückgewinnung bei der kontinuierlichen Trocknung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Determination of the critical inclusion size with respect to void formation during hot working

A theory for determining the critical inclusion size with respect to void formation during hot working operation is presented. The theoretical model assumes that the relationship between inclusion size (r) and number (n) is of the typen = 1/r^α. Equations are deduced for the three cases α = 2,α = 3 and α = 4. The most reliable results are obtained if α equals 3 or 4. The critical inclusion size is of the order of 2.5 to 3.5 μm for strains of about 0.7. Formerly with the Department of Ferrous Metallurgy, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.