双核酞菁钴磺酸铵用于催化裂化汽油的脱臭

采用尿素法合成了双核酞菁钴磺酸铵;通过正交实验及单因素实验,考察了双核酞菁钴磺酸铵在液-液催化氧化法中对催化裂化汽油脱臭的最佳工艺条件:碱液质量分数为10%,催化剂加入量为1 0g·L-1,反应温度为40℃,反应时间为3min;与磺化酞菁钴和美国进口脱臭催化剂ARI100-EXL的脱硫醇效果进行了比较,结果表明双核酞菁钴磺酸铵对汽油的脱臭效果明显优越于磺化酞菁钴催化剂,与进口催化剂的脱臭效果基本相当。     

纳米二氧化钛电催化氧化工艺参数的研究

采用吸附、焙烧法制备了纳米二氧化钛催化剂,用电催化系统对甲基橙溶液进行了电催化氧化降解处理,考察了影响降解效果的主要因素。实验结果表明:电催化氧化降解效果随槽电压的增加而提高,酸性条件更利于提高COD和色度的去除率,Fe2+浓度以及反应时间的增加同样能提高降解效率。电催化氧化降解甲基橙的过程中,COD的去除率低于色度的去除率。纳米二氧化钛催化剂的催化效果显著,能够有效的去除甲基橙,去除机制主要是H2O2,·OH对有机物的氧化、降解。     

Progress in the chemistry of metallabenzynes

The synthesis and chemical and structural properties of metallabenzynes are reviewed. Reaction of [OsCl(2)(PPh(3))(3)] with HC(triple bonded)CSiMe(3) produces the osmabenzyne [Os((triple bonded)CC(SiMe(3))=C(CH(3))C(SiMe(3))=CH)Cl(2)(PPh(3))(2)], which undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with HBF(4) and Br(2) to give new osmabenzynes. The reactivities and the X-ray diffraction data of osmabenzynes indicate that these metallacycles have aromatic properties. Unlike benzyne, which is thermally unstable, osmabenzynes are thermally much more stable and can be stored for months at room temperature without decomposition. The higher thermal stability of osmabenzynes compared to benzyne can be related to the relatively smaller ring strain and larger conjugation energy.     

超重力场内气液传质强化研究进展

气液传质过程广泛存在于化学工业当中。气液传质强化技术的研究, 对缩短工艺流程、缩小设备尺寸、降低投资和运行成本等具有重要的意义。以旋转床为核心装备的超重力技术, 是气液传质过程强化的有效技术之一。经过30多年的发展, 超重力过程强化技术在基础和应用研究方面都取得了长足的进展, 特别是在受混合和传递限制的过程中得到广泛应用。本文从旋转床转子结构出发, 综述了整体旋转式、双动盘式、动静结合式等转子结构的超重力旋转床气液传质强化的研究进展和理论成果, 并展望了超重力旋转床气液强化传质的发展方向。     

锂离子电池电解质盐四氟硼酸锂的制备与表征

四氟硼酸锂由于具有良好的热稳定性,对环境水分不太敏感而成为锂离子电池电解质研究的热点。介绍了四氟硼酸锂电解质材料的性质,综述了气-固反应法、水溶液法、非水溶剂法及氟化氢溶液反应法等四氟硼酸锂的制备方法。同时阐述了红外光谱分析法、X射线分析法、离子色谱分析法、热分析法及电化学性能分析法等四氟硼酸锂的表征技术,并提出了四氟硼酸锂作为锂离子电池电解质的研究与开发方向。     

支持向量机算法对电锻煤基炭砖导热性能的优化及预报

导热系数是评价高炉炭砖性能的重要指标之一.本工作在传统电煅煤基炭砖的基础上,使用人造石墨逐步替换电锻煤细粉与骨料,系统研究了人造石墨引入量、焙烧温度等因素对炭砖导热性能的影响,并使用支持向量机回归建模分析算法建立了炭砖导热系数的数学模型.结果表明,人造石墨的加入有助于提升炭砖的导热系数,并降低导热性能的各向异性,但会影响炭砖的抗铁水溶蚀性能;由支持向量机建模分析得知,石墨含量与气孔直径对导热系数提高的影响较为明显;借助该建模方法获得了炭砖导热系数的预报拟合公式,该公式具有较高精度,可用于炭砖导热系数的优化与预报.     

膨胀石墨对镁碳耐火材料显微结构和性能的影响

以膨胀石墨为碳源,部分取代镁碳耐火材料(含5wt％的鳞片石墨)中的鳞片石墨,借助X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪以及三点弯曲测试仪等研究了膨胀石墨的添加对热处理后镁碳材料的显微结构、力学性能、抗热震性和抗氧化性的影响.结果表明:镁碳材料中引入0.2wt％的膨胀石墨在高温下可促进材料基体内片状AlN相形成,进而使试样的抗折强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别为12.35 MPa和2.82 GPa;但是过量的添加将对材料的致密度产生负面影响,从而降低了材料的抗折强度和弯曲模量;膨胀石墨的添加显著提高了镁碳材料的抗热震性但对材料的抗氧化性不利;当膨胀石墨的加入量为0.5wt％时,镁碳材料的综合性能最好,若想加大膨胀石墨的添加量,需对其抗氧化性进行改善.     

四元体系Li+,K+,Mg2+//B4O72——H2O 273 K相平衡

利用等温溶解平衡法研究了四元体系Li⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//B₄O₇^2--H₂O 273 K相平衡关系。测定了该体系平衡时各组分的溶解度和平衡液相密度。根据实验数据和固相组成分别绘制了四元体系Li⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺//B₄O₇^2--H₂O 273 K时的稳定相图、水图以及相应的密度-组成图。结果表明：该体系组分之间没有形成复盐和固溶体,属于简单共饱和型体系;体系的稳定相图由1个共饱点,3条单变量曲线,3个固相结晶区组成,结晶区分别对应Li₂B₄O₇·3H₂O、K₂B₄O₇·4H₂O和MgB₄O₇·9H₂O;平衡液相密度在共饱点处达到最大。研究还对该四元体系在273 K、288 K和348 K不同温度时的稳定相图作了对比分析和讨论。     

EFFECTS OF SECONDARY AIR INJECTION ON GAS-SOLID FLOW BEHAVIOR IN CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BEDS

Effects of secondary air injection on the hydrodynamics such as solid holdup and gas-solid flow behavior were investigated in a circulating fluidized bed. The gas velocity in the riser, the ratio of secondary air velocity to that of primary air, and the solid circulating rate were chosen as operating variables. Fluid cracking catalyst(FCC) with a density of 1840 kg/m³ and a mean diameter of 74 um was employed as the solid phase. The secondary air was fed to the riser radially or tangentially at the wall of the column. Pressure drop fluctuations in the riser were measured and analyzed by adopting the stochastic method to characterize the effects of secondary air injection on the gas-solid flow behavior in the bed.

It has been found that the injection of secondary air into the riser can increase the solid holdup in the riser considerably, and that the tangential injection of secondary air is more effective for the increasing the solid holdup than the radial injection. However, the gas-solid flow behavior has been found to become less persistent with the injection of secondary air; the resultant flow behavior is more complex when the air is injected tangentially than radially. The solid holdups in the primary as well as secondary zones of the riser have been well correlated in terms of not only operating variables but also fractal dimension of the pressure fluctuations.     

75％肟菌·戊唑醇WG防治滨海稻区主要病害最佳施用时期的研究

对75％肟菌·戊唑醇WG（NATIVO）防治滨海稻区主要病害的最佳施用时期进行了研究。结果表明,该药剂防治水稻稻瘟病的最佳施用时期是孕穗末期和齐穗期,防效达到91．11％;防治稻曲病和纹枯病的最佳施用时期也是孕穗末期和齐穗期,防效分别可达79．11％、83．75％。