发酵性食品中的氨基甲酸乙酯含量调研

采用SLE(固相支持液/液萃取)结合GC-MS法测定酸奶、酱油、葡萄酒、黄酒及干酪、腐乳中的氨幕甲酸乙酯含量,检测结果显示,黄酒、腐乳中氨基甲酸乙酯含量较高,其次是葡萄酒和酱油,发酵性乳制品和豆豉中均未检出氨基甲酸乙酯.     

氯化苦急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性试验

[目的]检测氯化苦经消化道、皮肤和呼吸道3种暴露途径引起动物的中毒症状、死亡率及半数致死剂量,为急性毒性分级和生产使用防护提供科学的资料。[方法]GB 15670—1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》中急性经口、经皮、吸入染毒方法。[结果]氯化苦急性经口LD50:雌性为369(271~501)mg/kg,雄性为316 mg/kg,经皮LD50雌雄大鼠均为926(636~1 350)mg/kg,吸入LC50(2 h)雌雄大鼠均为316 mg/m3。[结论]该实验室条件下,氯化苦对大鼠急性经口、经皮、吸入毒性均属于中等毒。     

Recent advances of hydrogen production through particulate semiconductor photocatalytic overall water splitting

Solar energy-driven photocatalytic water splitting has been investigated for decades to produce clean and renewable green hydrogen. In this paper, the cutting-edge research within the overall water splitting system is summarized from the one-step photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS) system to the two-step system and the cocatalysts research in this field. In addition, the photocatalytic reaction engineering study is also reviewed which is crucial for future scale-up. This mini-review provides a picture of survey of recent progress of relevant overall water splitting system, with particular attention paid to material system and mechanistic breakthroughs, and highlights the challenge and opportunity of the current system.     

江西省某县食品中镉污染调查

目的了解江西省某县食品中镉污染的现状。方法选择镉污染区与非污染区随机采集104户的粮食、蔬菜、肉禽蛋类304份食品进行检测。结果304份食品的镉超标率为20．40％,其中大米、蔬菜类超标率分别为77．05％和14．15％。两区在镉超标比值总计和蔬菜类上的差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=49．022,χ^2=37．629,P〈0.0001）;在镉污染区,粮食和蔬菜类超标比值上差异均有统计学意义（χ^2=31．92,P〈0．0001）,结论江西省某县镉污染存在区域性分布,其原因与土壤等被镉污染相关。     

高抗菌性聚乙烯醇/Ag@MOF食品包装膜的制备与表征

为分析银基金属有机框架(Ag@MOF)用于食品包装的可行性,采用流延法制备四种不同的聚乙烯醇(PVA)基食品包装膜(PVA/Ag@MOF、PVA/H₂PYDC、PVA/Ag、PVA),并研究它们的力学性能、热力学性能、水阻隔性、抗菌性、细胞毒性等。结果表明,与PVA、PVA/H₂PYDC膜相比,Ag@MOF的加入改善了薄膜的力学性能,使薄膜最大拉伸强度提高到36.21 MPa。与PVA、PVA/H₂PYDC、PVA/AgNPs膜相比,Ag@MOF的加入增强了膜的热稳定性。与PVA、PVA/H₂PYDC膜相比,AgNPs和Ag@MOF的刚性结构防止了水的扩散,提高了阻水性能。PVA/Ag@MOF膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性也很好,其抗菌活性远大于AgNPs和H₂PYDC复合膜,且具有较低的细胞毒性。因此,PVA/Ag@MOF薄膜是一种很有前景的食品包装材料,可以减少环境微生物对食品的干扰且细胞毒性较低,能够有效提高食品的安全性和储存周期。     

纯麦酒发酵工艺优化及理化性质测定

以萌发麦芽为原料,采用半固态发酵技术酿造纯麦酒,并进行工艺优化及理化性质测定.设计单因素实验研究发酵过程中发酵时间、酒曲接种量以及糖化酶添加量对纯麦酒酒精含量的影响,并确定最佳单因素实验条件.在单因素实验结果的基础上,进行正交试验的设计,确定最佳工艺组合为发酵时间为4d、酒曲接种量为2‰、糖化酶添加量为2％.在此条件下...     

Flocculation behavior of cationic pea starch prepared by the graft copolymerization of acrylamide for wastewater treatment

To improve the flocculation efficiency of coal mine wastewater treatment, we synthesized a cationic flocculant by grafting acrylamide (AM) onto pea starch, and we performed the characterization with elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and NMR. The effects of the synthesis conditions were also investigated, and the optimal synthesis parameters of the cationic flocculant were obtained. The mass ratio between pea starch and AM was 0.5 with a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The dosages of ceric ammonium nitrate and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl‐trimethylammonium chloride were 0.02 and 0.11 mol/L, respectively. Application experiments for wastewater treatment were carried out consequently, and the optimal dosage of cationic pea starch was 40 mg/L within the pH range 6–8. Compared with other traditional flocculation products, the cationic pea starch showed the best flocculation behavior for coal mine wastewater. Therefore, the cationic pea‐starch‐grafted AM may be applicable as a novel flocculant in wastewater treatment and has already demonstrated outstanding features. It is bound to replace other traditional flocculants in the future. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43922.     

盘式永磁电机的分数槽绕组齿槽转矩分析

由齿槽转矩造成的推力波动是影响盘式永磁电机运行性能的一个重要因素.为削弱齿槽转矩,采用基于能量法和傅里叶分解的解析分析方法推导出了齿槽转矩解析表达式,在此基础上研究了分数槽绕组对齿槽转矩的削弱作用,结合定子槽口宽度对齿槽转矩的影响,提出了减少盘式永磁电机齿槽转矩的优化方案,并利用有限元法对此优化方案进行了仿真分析和验证.研究结果证明,采用分数槽绕组和槽口优化相结合的方法能有效地削弱盘式电机的齿槽转矩.     

风暴潮、浪作用下中小型跨海桥梁破坏形式与数值模拟研究

强台风形成的巨浪、风暴潮对跨海桥梁的安全造成了严重威胁,为探讨台风风暴潮、浪共同作用下中小型跨海桥梁上部结构和下部结构的破坏机理及台风风暴潮期间不同水位下的波浪对下部结构的作用规律,开展了台风风暴潮、浪共同作用下中小型跨海桥梁破坏形式调研,发现风暴潮、浪作用下中小型跨海桥梁上部结构的破坏形式主要有梁体离位、梁体脱落和梁体断裂,主要原因为梁体被迫发生无约束运动;下部结构破坏主要表现为结构偏移、倒塌以及盖梁连接失效破坏,主要原因为水动力作用较强及上部结构撞击。通过CFD三维数值模拟研究了桥梁下部结构波浪荷载,给出了考虑风暴潮水位下波浪冲击桥墩的经验公式。根据调研及数值模拟,提出了设计及施工建议。