The evolution of statutory planning in the South Australian countryside

For a century, town and country planning has been an important field of public endeavour. Now more commonly known as urban and regional or urban and rural planning, its names have recognized its concern for non‐built‐up as much as built‐up areas; i.e. the countryside. Notwithstanding, little effort was expended there until about half way through the century. This has changed. Rural planning has burgeoned, barely reflected, however, within planning history in Australia. This article addresses this by examining how land‐use planning for the countryside has evolved in South Australia since the introduction of the modern form of statutory planning in 1967. It traces the evolution of statutory policy and how it has been informed by concepts such as nature conservation, landscape maintenance, environmental protection and ecological sustainability. It underlines the tensions inherent in a system created primarily to deal with the slower changing urban conglomerate of built form when applied to the countryside where the dynamism of the seasons requires an ongoing land management approach. Experiments in policy planning and legislation are examined and it is concluded that, as in urban planning, ideas of innovation and diffusion are valid.     

Contributions of mass spectrometry in the Australian Wine Research Institute to advances in knowledge of grape and wine constituents

Since 1971 mass spectrometry (MS) has made a significant contribution to wine research at the Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI). In the past decade (1995–2004), MS has been involved in an expanded range of studies and now accounts for approximately 40% of AWRI publications appearing in peer‐reviewed scientific journals. Studies involving MS include the analysis of grape‐derived and fermentation‐derived volatiles, oak volatiles, taint compounds, proteins, pigments and tannins. We discuss the contribution MS has made to wine research at the AWRI and the significant advances made by key scientists in this area. In particular, this review focuses on three main areas of analysis of compounds important to wine quality – volatile aroma and off‐flavour compounds, involatile larger molecules such as proteins and tannins, and investigations into taint problems.     

珠三角封装测试业如何吸收、利用外来技术与设备加快发展

中国半导体产业发展已有40余年,尽管拥有许多基础科学的人才,然而在产业体系发展不完整的情况下,一直是半导体产品主要的进口国.尤其在吸引全球消费性电子、信息、通讯产品的组装产业至当地生产之后,对半导体产品的进口需求更是迅速成长.在进口替代的冲击下,中国政府近年来积极推动半导体产业的发展,除了利用国家力量自行投资半导体晶圆代工产业之外,还透过种种优惠措施,不断吸引国际大厂的目光.     

Investigation of the impact of simulated commercial centrifugation and microfiltration conditions on levels of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in milk

The potential for physical removal of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis ) from milk by centrifugation and microfiltration was investigated by simulating commercial processing conditions in the laboratory by means of a microcentrifuge and syringe filters, respectively. Results indicated that both centrifugation of preheated milk (60°C) at 7000 × g for 10 s, and microfiltration through a filter of pore size 1.2 µm, were capable of removing up to 95–99.9% of M. paratuberculosis cells from spiked whole milk and Middlebrook 7H9 broth suspensions, respectively. Centrifugation and microfiltration may therefore have potential application within the dairy industry as pretreatments to reduce M. paratuberculosis contamination of raw milk.     

INTELLIGENT SYNTAX-DIRECTED EDITOR THAT MODELS USER PROFICIENCY

Current interactive software systems try to offer many features and a user-friendly interface to aid the user. However, where one system may suit one user, another user may find it difficult to use, because each user is different. User modeling techniques have been applied to make a system suitable for different users. This paper surveys research works for developing interactive systems that use user modeling techniques. After presenting the systems and techniques, we introduce a system called the Intelligent Syntax-Directed Editor (ISE) as an example to show how this approach can benefit the user as an intelligent tool. The ISE assists the user in (1) using the editor more efficiently through ISE's active suggestions and on-line help and (2) program development through the syntax-directed editor. In applying user modeling techniques, ISE builds a profile/model of the user and, based on this model, ISE offers a suitable amount of help and advice depending on the proficiency of the user toward the system. The ISE is implemented on a VAX/780 computer to demonstrate its ability to volunteer advice     

Vapor-Phase Hydration of Submicrometer CaO Particles

Reaction of water vapor at 25°CC with CaO powder of either high or low surface area yields Ca(OH)₂ with broad XRD peaks. Relative rates of reaction of these hydroxides with CO₂ at 250°CC depend mainly on the sample surface areas per unit weight. SEM observations show that the exterior shapes of porous 1 to 30 μ m particles of CaO formed by decomposition in vacuum of CaCO₃(sr-CaO) or Ca(OH)₂ (h-CaO) are only slightly changed when they are converted to Ca(OH)₂, except for surface roughening, which increases with time of exposure to water vapor. The N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of h-CaO and sr-CaO, and of their hydration products, are used to calculate the average particle expansion, the probable pore shapes, and the changes in pore-size distributions that accompany the reaction. These data show that the reaction causes expansion perpendicular to ulterior surfaces of the porous powder particles. A possible mechanism is suggested. Both h-CaO and sr-CaO dissolve in liquid water to yield Ca(OH)₂ by subsequent precipitation.     

ACTS AERONAUTICAL EXPERIMENTS

This paper discusses a series of aeronautical experiments that utilize the advanced communication technology satellite (ACTS). As part of the ongoing effort to investigate commercial applications of ACTS technologies, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and various industry/government partners have developed a series of experiments that utilize the ACTS mobile terminal (AMT)¹ and the broadband aeronautical terminal¹ to investigate aeronautical uses of the ACTS. This paper discusses these experiments including the experiment configurations, technologies, results and future implications.     

Direct observation of resistive barriers in a BaTiO3 based thermistor

The remote electron beam induced current technique has been used to form resistive contrast images of the resistive barriers developed in 80 °C thermistor materials. Linescans extracted from the images have been used to calculate the temperature variation of resistivity of selected interfaces within the material. It is seen that the major resistive changes are associated with only a few of the grain boundaries in this material. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.