高速公路施工区车辆强制换道耗时生存模型

为研究高速公路施工区车辆强制换道行为及其影响因素,采用生存分析中的半参数分析方法建立强制换道耗时的乘法风险率模型.通过无人机拍摄采集高速公路施工区的车辆换道耗时及其影响因素数据,最终确立换道耗时Cox比例风险模型,对换道耗时数据进行Cox回归建模分析.结果表明:近77%的换道车辆在10 s内完成换道;小型车和中型车经养护施工区的换道耗时未发现显著性差别;对于相同的换道耗时,平峰期的累积生存率明显低于高峰期和过渡时期,而高峰期的累积生存率最高.建立的强制换道耗时生存模型可有效的定量分析车型和交通时段对高速公路施工区车辆换道行为的影响,可为高速公路施工区交通管理控制及车辆换道行为建模及仿真奠定一定的理论基础.     

Estimation of access failure probability in D2D underlaid cellular networks

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication can reduce the mobile devices' energy consumption and increase the spectral efficiency in D2D underlaid cellular networks. However, D2D users will interfere with co-channel cellular users, which can lead to cellular communication access failures. There are two reasons for cellular communication access failures: (1)D2D interference and (2)insufficient spectrum resources. To address the absence of research on the performance of cellular services' access in D2D underlaid cellular networks, this paper defines the new services' access failure probability and handoff services' access failure probability to evaluate the effect of both D2D interference and limited resources on cellular communication access. Based on the stochastic geometry and stochastic process, a random network model is presented to estimate the access failure probabilities, which can provide guidelines for network design to ensure cellular services' access. The accuracy of the estimated access failure probability is validated through extensive simulations.     

Fast method for SAR echo simulation of a three-dimensional ground scene

Due to huge calculation of SAR echo simulation of a three-dimensional (3D) ground scene, a fast simulation method is proposed. First, the data of a 3D ground scene are fractionally interpolated based on the Fractional Brownian Motion (FBM) model. Second, the data interpolated are divided into lots of small facets whose precision meets the simulation requirement, the backscattering coefficients of the small facets are calculated. Third, the shaded area is judged by the comparison method of overlook angles. Three parallel levels are analyzed and the kernel function is designed. Finally, the computing method of reduction adding and external thread are also utilized under the framework of GPU in order to get high efficiency. With the methods mentioned above, the imaging result of experimental DEM data verifies the validity and superiority of the proposed method.     

复杂理论视阈下动态课堂场域的控制与自主研究

文章从复杂理论的角度分析了课堂教学过程是一个复杂的动态适应过程,是教师和学生之间的"复杂对话".从而指出课堂教学的动态性和复杂性,要求教师在课堂场域把握教学过程的复杂性、实现目标与教学模式的匹配、拥有必要的理解力和课堂管理技能,帮助学生实现自主学习,并最终实现课堂教学过程的最优化.     

基于MRIO与SNA的中国水资源空间转移网络分析

基于2002年、2007年和2012年的多区域投入产出表的相关数据,利用多区域投入产出(MRIO)模型和社会网络分析法(SNA)分析了中国水资源流动网络的空间关联性和结构特征。结果表明:网络中的链接数量没有随水足迹贸易值的增加而增加,链接路径上的流量不断增加,网络的韧性不够,空间关联渠道有待拓展,存在一定的等级差异,稳定性需要加强;网络中一些省份链接的增加,会削弱其他省份的链接数目,这种可塑性特征有利于在全国范围内合理配置水资源;将网络划分为4个板块,板块间的溢出关系主要是以板块内部为主,且少数板块之间没有任何的溢出关系。     

一种改进的嵌入式电子地图空间索引

空间索引在嵌入式设备中有广泛的应用,按照不同的空间映射方式,可以分为不同的索引方法,如二叉树索引、网格索引、四叉树索引和R树索引及其变种,指出了各种空间索引的利弊和适用环境.目前嵌入式系统中硬件资源不足,人们对其功能的需求却在不断的增加,因此如何快速的检索到需要的空间数据以满足相应的功能成为了一个亟需的问题.根据各个索引方法优势以及其相关的使用环境,提出了一种四叉树和R*-树相结合的空间索引—QR*-树索引,此空间索引虽然在存储空间上比R*树略有增加,但是在插入、删除、查找等操作中的性能远远优于R*-树,非常适合作为嵌入式系统的数据库空间索引,最后在S3C2440平台上验证了其有效性.     

众筹筹资模式发展浅析

依据众筹相关法律完善程度可把众筹的发展划分为雏形、快速发展和逐步成熟三个阶段。众筹包括捐赠、回报、股权和债券等常见模式。发展众筹一方面可以降低创业者的融资门槛,另一方面可激发草根的创新热情。然而,众筹项目知识产权保护欠缺、我国法律对股权众筹的限制、人们对众筹认识不足等一系列问题严重阻碍了众筹的发展。为了解决这些问题,众筹平台应积极与政府相关部门交流沟通,完善法律法规,利用社交媒体扩大众筹的影响力,并加强风险管控。     

大学英语课堂教学中合作学习有效性探讨

合作学习已经越来越多的被大学教师引入到英语教学中。文章探讨了合作学习中遇到的问题,分析合作学习受阻的原因,提出解决问题的对策。     

磁场中双量子位Heisenberg模型的纠缠与量子相变

以双量子位Heisenberg模型为例,讨论了磁场方向对纠缠的影响。结果表明：一定温度下,保持磁场的大小不变,仅改变其方向,不仅能获得最大纠缠,还产生了量子相变。     

Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of cyclic redox behaviour of SOFC anodes

The oxidation of Ni to NiO in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode will result in large bulk volume change, which may change the interfaces of the two phases in the anode cermet and thus may cause significant performance degradation. The reduction and oxidation (redox) of the Ni/YSZ cermet were studied at 800 ℃. Anodic polarization measurements were performed before and after redox cycles. The anode current density at an overpotential of 100 mV kept decreasing during the whole redox treatment. It decreased from 19.11 to 7.95 mA·cm-2 after two redox cycles. Anode supported unit cell was assembled for cell's discharge measurements. Cell performance declined after each redox cycle. The maximum power density decreased from 126.28 to 40.32 mW·cm-2 . The microstructural changes after redox cycling were recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results reveal that after re-oxidation, the Ni gets coarse and has a higher porosity; the nickel network structure turns to be desultory.