Photocatalytic activity and radiation-attenuation ability of copper ions surface-doped dysprosium oxide

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Herein, Cu ions surface-doped Dy2O3 photocatalyst (Cu–Dy2O3) is synthesized utilizing hydrothermal technique to degrade methyl violet...     

Deep learning neural network for texture feature extraction in oral cancer: enhanced loss function

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The use of a binary classifier like the sigmoid function and loss functions reduces the accuracy of deep learning algorithms. This research aims to increase the...     

ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF BACKSCATTERED ELECTRONS FROM HEAVY METALS

The full energy distribution of backscattered electrons from the elastic peak down to the true-secondaty electron peak for heavy metals, Ta, W, Pt and Au, in Auger electron spectroscopy in the EN(E) mode has been studied with a Monte Carlo simulation method, which includes cascade-secondary-electron production. The simulation model is based on the use of a dielectric function for describing inelastic scattering and secondary excitation, and on the use of Mott cross sections for elastic scattering. A systematic comparison between the calculated and experimental spectra measured with a cylindrical mirror analyzer has been made for primary energies ranging from 1 to 5keV. Excellent agreement was obtained for these heavy metals on the backscattering background at primary energies in the keV region. A significant contribution of cascade secondary electrons to the measured spectra on the low-energy side was found.     

MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF SPIN-POLARIZED SECONDARY ELECTRONS FROM IRON

A Monte Carlo model considering the electron spin direction and spin asymmetry has been developed. The energy distribution of the secondary electron polarization and the primary energy dependence of the polarization from Fe are studied. The simulation results show that: (1) the intensity of the spin-up secondary electrons is larger thanvthat of thevspin-down secondary electrons, suggesting the secondary electrons are spin polarized; (2) the spin polarization of secondary electrons with nearly zero kinetic energy is higher than the average valance spin polarization, Pb=27% for Fe. With increasing kinetic energy, the spin polarization of the secondary electrons decreases to the value of Pu remaining constant at higher kinetic energies; (3) the spin polarization increases with an increase in the primary energy and reaches a saturation value at higher primary energy in both the Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results.     

Gut Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Molecules Mediating Host-Microbiota Communications

Over the past decade, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to many health disorders; however, the detailed mechanism of this correlation remains unclear. Gut microbiota can communicate with the host through immunological or metabolic signalling. Recently, microbiota-released extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have emerged as significant mediators in the intercellular signalling mechanism that could be an integral part of microbiota-host communications. MEVs are small membrane-bound vesicles that encase a broad spectrum of biologically active compounds (i.e., proteins, mRNA, miRNA, DNA, carbohydrates, and lipids), thus mediating the horizontal transfer of their cargo across intra- and intercellular space. In this study, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the biogenesis of microbial-derived EVs, their classification and routes of production, as well as their role in inter-bacterial and inter-kingdom signaling.     

Nonlinear analysis and reliability of metallic truss structures

The present study goes into the search for the safety domain of civil engineering structures. The objective is to show how a reliability-evaluation brought by a mechanical sizing can be obtained. For that purpose, it is necessary to have a mechanical model and a reliability model representing correctly the behavior of this type of structure.It is a question on one hand, to propose a formulation for the nonlinear calculation (mechanical nonlinearity) of the spatial structures in trusses, and on the other hand, to propose or to adapt a formulation and a modeling of the reliability. The principle of Hasofer-Lind can be applied, in first approach, for the reliability index estimation, scenarios and the probability of failure.The made check concerned metallic in truss structures. Finally, some structures are calculated using the method adapted by Hasofer-Lind to validate the probability approach of the reliability analysis.     

Effect of Heat-Generating Solid Body on Mixed Convection Flow in a Ventilated Cavity

The mixed convection flow and heat transfer characteristics inside a square ventilated cavity with a heat-generating solid circular body located at the center have been investigated numerically. The inlet opening is at the bottom of the left wall, while the outlet one is at the top of the right wall, and all the walls of the cavity are considered to be adiabatic. A Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is used to solve the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy. The behavior of the fluid in the ranges of dimensionless cylinder diameter from 0.1 to 0.6 of the heat generating body, thermal conductivity ratio range from 0.2 to 50 between solid and fluid, and heat generating parameter range from 1 to 5 is described in detail. The medium considered is air with a Prandtl number of 0.71. It is found that the flow and temperature field is strongly dependent on the already-mentioned parameters for the ranges considered. The variation of the mean Nusselt number, the dimensionless average drag force, and the average temperature of the fluid versus Richardson number are presented for these parameters.     

Synthesis of Ion Imprinted Polymers by Copolymerization of Zn(II) and Al(III)8-hydroxy Quinolone Complexes with Divinylbenzene and Methacryclic Acid

In this research work, Zinc(II) and Aluminum(III)-IIP's were synthesized by optimizing the amount of methacrylic acid as monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linker. The IIP's were functionalized with 8-hydroxy quinolone complexes of the two metal ions under thermal conditions by copolymerization with monomer and cross-linker. The IIP's and Non-IIP's were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, and SEM analysis. A quite remarkable difference in the size was observed of the polymers (Zn(II) 1.0 µm and Al(III) 0.1 µm). A stronger affinity was observed with IIP in comparison with Non-IIP at pH 3.1 and 4.5 for Zn(II) and Al(III) ions on their respective polymers.     

Low temperature preparation and characterization of nanospherical anatase TiO2 and its photocatalytic activity on Congo red degradation under sunlight

Nanospherical titanium oxide with anatase structure was obtained at low temperature and normal pressure using a simple method of preparation. The dilute titanium (III) chloride solution was stirred at room temperature for several hours, and then ammonium hydroxide with hydrogen peroxide was added. A yellow gel TiO₂·xH₂O was obtained with nanodot shape and amorphous structure. Heated at 300 °C, it crystallized to pure anatase structure with nanospherical shape. The anatase particles prepared show good adsorption and photodegradation of Congo red solution under the sunlight. Materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, transmission electron microscope and UV spectroscopy.     

Fluorimetric Determination of Aluminium using Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA): State of Our Art and Future Developments

Abstract

This paper describes some of our recent advances and proposed future work in the area of fluorimetric determination of Al using sequential injection analysis (SIA). A rapid, automated system was developed with turnover times for sample analysis of <2 min, and attainable limits of detection of <1 ng/mL. The method is cost‐effective and highly competitive. It utilizes three different approaches: (i) molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs); (ii) micellar enhanced treatment; and (iii) renewable surface application. The merits and limitations of each approach are discussed, and the optimum conditions of analysis are presented. The overall sensitivity achieved was more than adequate for general analysis. Proposed new developments involve greater signal enhancement, and improved analytical strategy. The facility is capable of routine application, and is highly beneficial to developing countries in need of cost‐effective techniques for analysis of environmental samples, body fluids, and foodstuffs.