复杂产品设计方案联合变权群决策方法

针对产品方案设计决策中评价指标权重不确定性及难以满足均衡评价的问题,提出基于VIKOR的产品方案联合变权群决策方法.考虑专家个体对评价指标权重差异引起的不确定性,结合联合分析和变权理论估计评价指标重要度.将群决策评价指标总体效用值矢量看作评价指标常权矢量,专家个体的评价指标权重矢量看作状态变权矢量,给出变权平均值及群决策联合变权方法,得出评价指标重要度.考虑方案评价中多粒度语言评价值及均衡性,将统一粒度二元语义和群决策联合变权方法融入VIKOR分析,构建基于多粒度语言的VIKOR群决策方法.以数控机床运动方案评价为例,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

大豆组织蛋白素肉丸子的研制

利用双螺杆挤压膨化机加工大豆组织蛋白,通过正交试验结合主成分分析方法,考察蛋白质、油脂与淀粉添加量和水分含量对加工产品品质的影响;以大豆组织蛋白为原料,研制素肉丸子,分析食盐、白砂糖、牛肉香膏和味精对素肉丸子风味的影响并测定其质构特性参数。结果表明：物料体系组分对大豆组织蛋白品质影响的显著性由大到小依次为油脂、蛋白质、水分及淀粉,优化得到的最佳物料体系组成是水分含量30%、大豆分离蛋白20%、马铃薯淀粉25%、大豆油6%;最佳素肉丸子风味配方为食盐4%、白砂糖1%、牛肉香膏1.5%、味精1%;质构分析结果表明,在50%压缩比时测定的大豆组织蛋白素肉丸子质构特性参数是硬度6.111kg、内聚性0.765、弹性0.869、耐咀性4.113kg、回复性0.429。     

面向结构化布局设计的产品布局多色模型

为实现产品原理方案向结构化布局映射,提出产品布局元层次关系网及产品布局多色模型.首先在布局模块及其属性关系网的基础上构建布局元层次关系网;然后应用多色集合的个人颜色、统一颜色,给出产品布局元层次关系网的数学描述,形成产品布局多色模型,并提出推理算法;再利用个人颜色、统一颜色之间的围道布尔矩阵推理原理,进行产品结构布局设计过程中功能—运动分配—布局模块之间映射过程的形式化描述.应用该模型进行结构化布局设计,可有效地支持产品结构布局设计的公理化;最后在Pro/E平台中利用VC.net 2003工具进行二次开发,并以数控机床结构布局设计为例验证了文中模型和设计方法的可行性和有效性.     

Stages of readiness to quit smoking: Population prevalence and correlates.

Examined the population prevalence and correlates of stages in smokers' readiness to quit, using data from 1,048 smokers recruited in a self-weighting, multistage, systematic clustered area sample. Smokers in the precontemplation stage (PCTS) comprised 24.1% of the sample, smokers in the contemplation stage (CTS) comprised 47.2%, and smokers in the preparation stage (PS) comprised 28.7%. The 5 significant independent predictors of being in the PCTS (vs the CTS) were (1) having a higher confidence of quitting, (2) seeing fewer health risks associated with smoking, (3) not having made an attempt to quit, (4) seeing quitting as more difficult, and (5) smoking 25 or more cigarettes a day. The 2 significant independent predictors of being in the CTS (vs the PS) were (1) having lower confidence of quitting and (2) not having tried to quit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Granulomatous Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: DNA amplification studies on bronchoscopic alveolar lavage samples

Three HIV positive subjects presented with symptoms and radiographic changes suggestive of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Methenamine silver staining of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was negative (from one sample in one patient and two samples in the other two patients). Open lung biopsy was performed because of uncertain clinical progress and diagnosis; all three patients were found to have multiple pulmonary granulomata encasing numerous P carinii organisms. DNA amplification, using P carinii specific oligonucleotides, was performed on stored bronchoscopic BAL samples. P carinii specific amplification product was detected by ethidium bromide staining after electrophoretic separation on agarose gel in one case, and by the more sensitive technique of oligohybridisation in all three cases. In granulomatous P carinii pneumonia organisms are rarely identified in bronchoscopic alveolar lavage samples using histochemical staining, but are detectable by DNA amplification, although not at levels which can be readily distinguished from low, subclinical infection.     

Disorder as harmful dysfunction: A conceptual critique of DSM-III-R's definition of mental disorder.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; DSM-III-R) operationally defines disorder essentially as "statistically unexpectable distress or disability." This definition is an attempt to operationalize 2 basic principles: that a disorder is harmful and that a disorder is a dysfunction (i.e., an inability of some internal mechanism to perform its natural function). However, the definition fails to capture the idea of "dysfunction" and so fails to validly distinguish disorders from nondisorders, leading to invalidities in many of DSM-III-R's specific diagnostic criteria. These problems with validity are traced to DSM-III-R's strategies for increasing reliability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)