Integrated standalone hybrid solar PV,fuel cell and diesel generator power system for battery or supercapacitor storage systems in Khorfakkan,United Arab Emirates

Renewable energy resources play a very important rule these days to assist the conventional energy systems for doing its function in the UAE due to high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy demand. In this paper, the analysis and performance of integrated standalone hybrid solar PV, fuel cell and diesel generator power system with battery energy storage system (BESS) or supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) in Khorfakkan city, Sharjah were presented. HOMER Pro software was used to model and simulate the hybrid energy system (HES) based on the daily energy consumption for Khorfakkan city. The simulation results show that using SCESS as an energy storage system will help the performance of HES based on the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The HES with SCESS has renewable fraction (68.1%) and 0.346 $/kWh LCOE. The HES meets the annual AC primary load of the city (13.6 GWh) with negligible electricity excess and with an unmet electrical load of 1.38%. The reduction in GHG emissions for HES with SCESS was 83.2%, equivalent to saving 814,428 gallons of diesel.     

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane – Treated waste milled light bulbs composites

In this study, polyurethane (PU)-milled light bulbs glass composites were synthesized and characterized. The main interest in this study that the polyurethane derived from renewable resources and waste glass are used to form the composite constituents as an attempt towards environmental preservation. Castor oil and polymeric diphenyl methane di-isocyanates (PMDI) were used in NCO/OH ratio = 2 for polyurethane synthesis. Milled glass with average particles size less than 300 μm were prepared based on waste light bulbs. Silane A1100 (as a compatibilizer) was used in order to improve the value of recycled milled glass beads. The adhesion force between polyurethane matrix and milled glass beads was evaluated using mechanical and physical tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate dispersion and fracture surfaces of the composites. Infrared spectrum (IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) behavior, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were employed to characterize the developed composite materials in details. Chemical resistance (weight change, thickness swelling) was measured in oil, water and dilute acetic acid media. Furthermore, tensile strength and hardness were investigated using universal materials testing machines. A slight increase in the hardness values was reported along with the increasing in particulate fillers loading up to 10% as a considerable improvement has been detected when milled glass reached 20%. The DSC analysis showed the presence of treated milled glass beads influences the thermal behavior of pure PU and composites. This can be attributed to enhancing the physical bonding between PU and silica group. Waste milled glass showed a significant effect on the thermal degradation of the composites in the presence of coupling agent. Further analysis on the tensile strength of the composites indicated that such improved mechanical properties may be attributed to the presence of coupling agent.     

Tracking Performance of an Adaptive MIMO-OFDM LS Estimator via MSE Criterion Over a Wireless Time Correlated Fading Channel

In this contribution, the performance of an adaptive least squares channel estimator for a time correlated MIMO-OFDM channel is presented in a closed form relation. As a criterion for performance evaluation, the well-known mean square error (MSE) is employed. The pilot aided channel estimation is used to extract the channel coefficients. To minimize the MSE and arrange phase shift orthogonally, the pilots are constructed with equal power and space. The model of the channel is developed by implementing a first order Markov model, and it is proved that the performance of the system is dependent upon the defined forgetting factor, the number of transmit antennas, the number of multipath channel taps, transmitted power, and Doppler shift. The effect of each parameter on the performance of the system is discussed separately. The computer simulation results follow with the analytical results comprehensively.     

An Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Fluorinated Pyridinium Salts-Based Hydrazones and Antimicrobial and Antitumor Screening

The present work reports an efficient synthesis of fluorinated pyridinium salts-based hydrazones under both conventional and eco-friendly ultrasound procedures. The synthetic approach first involves the preparation of halogenated pyridinium salts through the condensation of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (1) with p-fluorobenzaldehyde (2) followed by the nucleophilic alkylation of the resulting N-(4-fluorobenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (3) with a different alkyl iodide. The iodide counteranion of 5–10 was subjected to an anion exchange metathesis reaction in the presence of an excess of the appropriate metal salts to afford a new series of fluorinated pyridinium salts tethering a hydrazone linkage 11–40. Ultrasound irradiation led to higher yields in considerably less time than the conventional methods. The newly synthesized ILs were well-characterized with FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹¹B, ¹⁹F, ³¹P and mass spectral analyses. The ILs were also screened for their antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Within the series, the salts tethering fluorinated counter anions 11–13, 21–23, 31–33 and 36–38 were found to be more potent against all bacterial and fungal strains at MIC 4–8 µg/mL. The in vitro antiproliferative activity was also investigated against four tumor cell lines (human ductal breast epithelial tumor T47D, human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, human epithelial carcinoma HeLa and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2) using the MTT assay, which revealed that promising antitumor activity was exhibited by compounds 5, 12 and 14.     

Synthesis and reactions of 2-(p-chloroanilino)-5- (D-galacto-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxypentyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole

Oxidative cyclization of D -galactose (p-chlorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone gave 2-(p-chloroanilino)-5-( D -galacto-1,2,3,4,5-pentahydroxypentyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 1 ), whose acetylation afforded 2-[N-acetyl-N-(p-chlorophenyl)]-amino-5-( D -galacto-1,2,3,4,5-pentacetoxypentyl)- 1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 3 ). Its periodate oxidation of the glycol groups gave 2-(p-chloroanilino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-carboxaldehyde ( 4 ), which can be transformed into 1,2-[2-(p-chloroanilino)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]-1-hydroxy-2-oxoethane. A number of hydrazones of the formyl thiadiazole was prepared and its reduction with sodium borohydride gave 2-(p-chloroanilino)-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 6 ), whose acetylation gave a mono-O-acetyl derivative ( 7 ). Oxidation of the formyl thiadiazole gave 2-(p-chloroanilino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 9 ). The spectral data of the compounds were discussed.     

Effect of Zirconia Concentration on the Growth of Nanowires in Bioactive Glass–Ceramic Coatings

Bioactive glass–ceramic with various zirconia concentrations was applied on stainless steel (SS) by the sol–gel method. Bioactive glass powder was prepared by the sol–gel method, and thermal properties of the prepared powders were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effects of zirconia were investigated to explore the growth of nanowires. The growth model of nanowires, in this study, is proposed in terms of the surface diffusion. The coatings showed the hardness values to be in the range of 3000–4500 MPa. The hardness values of prepared composite coatings increased with an increase in zirconia amounts.     

Recycling of used engine oil by different solvent

The refining of lubricating oils from waste lubricating oil was examined utilizing a novel blend of solvent extraction and activated alumina adsorbent. The activity of these solvent extraction blends {toluene, butanol and methanol (A)}, {toluene, butanol and ethanol (B)} and {toluene, butanol and isopropanol (C)} was evaluated experimentally, oil to solvent proportions from 1:1 to 1:3 were analyzed for mixture blend (C). The results confirm solvent mixture (A) gave good efficiency with the highest percent sludge removal. The maximum percent of sludge removal improves with the increase of solvent to oil ratios. The physical properties of the recycle oil were measured. The results show the change in the properties of recycling oil and have good efficiency.     

Corrosion inhibition of steel by sodium sulphite

The corrosion inhibition of steel in a closed system containing sodium sulphite at room temperature has been established. Steady-state potential as well as weight loss measurements indicated that sodium sulphite did not only remove O₂ from the solution but also brought complete cathodic protection. It was found also that sodium sulphite could tolerate the presence of Cl^?, SO₄^2? and S^2?. In case of sulphite—sulphate or sulphite—chloride mixtures a concentration of 5 × 10^?3M Na₂SO₃ was required to tolerate a wide range of concentration of these aggressive ions. A linear relationship was found between log sulphite concentration and log maximum tolerated concentration of sulphide.