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排序方式： 共有2583条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Abhinav Anand Matteo L. Zaffalon Graziella Gariano Andrea Camellini Marina Gandini Rosaria Brescia Chiara Capitani Francesco Bruni Valerio Pinchetti Margherita Zavelani‐Rossi Francesco Meinardi Scott A. Crooker Sergio Brovelli 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(4)
Ternary I‐III‐VI2 nanocrystals (NCs), such as CuInS2, are receiving attention as heavy‐metals‐free materials for solar cells, luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), LEDs, and bio‐imaging. The origin of the optical properties of CuInS2 NCs are however not fully understood. A recent theoretical model suggests that their characteristic Stokes‐shifted and long‐lived luminescence arises from the structure of the valence band (VB) and predicts distinctive optical behaviours in defect‐free NCs: the quadratic dependence of the radiative decay rate and the Stokes shift on the NC radius. If confirmed, this would have crucial implications for LSCs as the solar spectral coverage ensured by low‐bandgap NCs would be accompanied by increased re‐absorption losses. Here, by studying stoichiometric CuInS2 NCs, it is revealed for the first time the spectroscopic signatures predicted for the free band‐edge exciton, thus supporting the VB‐structure model. At very low temperatures, the NCs also show dark‐state emission likely originating from enhanced electron‐hole spin interaction. The impact of the observed optical behaviours on LSCs is evaluated by Monte Carlo ray‐tracing simulations. Based on the emerging device design guidelines, optical‐grade large‐area (30×30 cm2) LSCs with optical power efficiency (OPE) as high as 6.8% are fabricated, corresponding to the highest value reported to date for large‐area devices. 相似文献
82.
AbstractA latent heat thermal energy storage system with phase change material (PCM) is numerically studied. To enhance the heat transfer inside the system, a highly conductive metal foam is employed with ceramic nanoparticles. The latter method of enhancement leads to a new class of material called Nano-PCM. The system under investigation is a 70-L tank filled up with pure PCM or Nano-PCM and several pipes are situated where the heat transfer fluid (HTF) flows. The pipe surfaces are assumed at constant temperature above the PCM melting temperature to simulate the heat transfer from the HTF. The enthalpy-porosity theory is applied to simulate the PCM phase change, while the porous media formulation is assumed to describe the metal foam behavior. The nano-PCM is modeled with single-phase model where the properties are the weighted-average between the fluid base and the nanoparticles. The simulations are accomplished for charging-discharging process at different porosities and nanoparticle concentration. The results are given in term of average melting fraction evolution, average temperature as function of time, average stored energy. The metal foam significantly improves the heat transfer between PCM and HTF respect to the addition of nanoparticles, reducing the charging and discharging time more than one order of magnitude. 相似文献
83.
84.
Nicola Capuano Angelo Gaeta Giuseppe Guarino Sergio Miranda Stefania Tomasiello 《Behaviour & Information Technology》2016,35(11):968-979
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present our results related to the definition of a methodology that combines augmented reality (AR) with semantic techniques for the creation of digital stories associated with museum exhibitions. In contrast to traditional AR approaches, we augment real-world elements by supplementing contents of a museum exhibition with additional inputs that provide new and different meanings. In this way we augment a cultural resource with respect to both its presentation and meaning. The methodology is framed in the cultural re-mediation theory and is grounded on a set of ontologies aimed at modelling a cultural resource and correlating it with external multimedia objects and resources. To provide an easy tool for the creation of museum narratives, the methodology makes use of a set of recognised practices widely adopted by museum curators that have been formalised through inference rules. The defined methodology has been experimented in a scenario related to Flemish paintings to validate the augmentation of cultural objects with two different approaches, the first basing on similarities and the second on dissimilarities. 相似文献
85.
Telecenters take on a prominent role within the current information and communications technology (ICT) ecosystem in Brazil. They are seen by a great many as a key means to foster the digital inclusion of the older population in the country. This paper draws upon a rapid ethnographic study conducted with 78 older people in a center that teaches computer classes to seniors in Brazil. The results show that providing older people with technological infrastructures is not enough to strengthen their digital inclusion if their basic and non-instrumental needs are not taken into consideration in defining educational activities to be carried out in public centers. Participants’ basic needs when it comes to interacting with ICT, such as coping with accessibility issues, were dynamic, whilst non-instrumental needs, fulfilled by using these technologies, such as interacting with relevant others, remained fairly constant throughout the study. Drawing on the results of the study, strategies for fostering the digital inclusion and well-being of older people in Brazil that go beyond telecenters are suggested. 相似文献
86.
87.
Laura Mannarino Lara Paracchini Federica Pezzuto Gheorghe Emilian Olteanu Laura Moracci Luca Vedovelli Irene De Simone Cristina Bosetti Monica Lupi Rosy Amodeo Alessia Inglesi Maurizio Callari Serena Penpa Roberta Libener Sara Delfanti Antonina De Angelis Alberto Muzio Paolo Andrea Zucali Paola Allavena Giovanni Luca Ceresoli Sergio Marchini Fiorella Calabrese Maurizio D&#x;Incalci Federica Grosso 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(10)
88.
Anna Aiello Mattia Emanuela Ligotti Maider Garnica Giulia Accardi Anna Calabr Fanny Pojero Hugo Arasanz Ana Bocanegra Ester Blanco Luisa Chocarro Miriam Echaide Leticia Fernandez-Rubio Pablo Ramos Sergio Pieiro-Hermida Grazyna Kochan Nahid Zareian Farzin Farzaneh David Escors Calogero Caruso Giuseppina Candore 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(17)
Vaccination, being able to prevent millions of cases of infectious diseases around the world every year, is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced. However, immunosenescence makes vaccines less effective in providing protection to older people. Although most studies explain that this is mainly due to the immunosenescence of T and B cells, the immunosenescence of innate immunity can also be a significant contributing factor. Alterations in function, number, subset, and distribution of blood neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer and dendritic cells are detected in aging, thus potentially reducing the efficacy of vaccines in older individuals. In this paper, we focus on the immunosenescence of the innate blood immune cells. We discuss possible strategies to counteract the immunosenescence of innate immunity in order to improve the response to vaccination. In particular, we focus on advances in understanding the role and the development of new adjuvants, such as TLR agonists, considered a promising strategy to increase vaccination efficiency in older individuals. 相似文献
89.
Angela Lanciotti Maria Stefania Brignone Pompeo Macioce Sergio Visentin Elena Ambrosini 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
Astrocytes are very versatile cells, endowed with multitasking capacities to ensure brain homeostasis maintenance from brain development to adult life. It has become increasingly evident that astrocytes play a central role in many central nervous system pathologies, not only as regulators of defensive responses against brain insults but also as primary culprits of the disease onset and progression. This is particularly evident in some rare leukodystrophies (LDs) where white matter/myelin deterioration is due to primary astrocyte dysfunctions. Understanding the molecular defects causing these LDs may help clarify astrocyte contribution to myelin formation/maintenance and favor the identification of possible therapeutic targets for LDs and other CNS demyelinating diseases. To date, the pathogenic mechanisms of these LDs are poorly known due to the rarity of the pathological tissue and the failure of the animal models to fully recapitulate the human diseases. Thus, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) from patient fibroblasts and their differentiation into astrocytes is a promising approach to overcome these issues. In this review, we discuss the primary role of astrocytes in LD pathogenesis, the experimental models currently available and the advantages, future evolutions, perspectives, and limitations of hiPSC to study pathologies implying astrocyte dysfunctions. 相似文献
90.
Mairobi Persinal-Medina Sara Llames Manuel Chacn Natalia Vzquez Marta Pevida Ignacio Alcalde Sergio Alonso-Alonso Laura María Martínez-Lpez Jesús Merayo-Lloves lvaro Meana 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
The skin is the largest organ in the human body, comprising the main barrier against the environment. When the skin loses its integrity, it is critical to replace it to prevent water loss and the proliferation of opportunistic infections. For more than 40 years, tissue-engineered skin grafts have been based on the in vitro culture of keratinocytes over different scaffolds, requiring between 3 to 4 weeks of tissue culture before being used clinically. In this study, we describe the development of a polymerizable skin hydrogel consisting of keratinocytes and fibroblast entrapped within a fibrin scaffold. We histologically characterized the construct and evaluated its use on an in vivo wound healing model of skin damage. Our results indicate that the proposed methodology can be used to effectively regenerate skin wounds, avoiding the secondary in vitro culture steps and thus, shortening the time needed until transplantation in comparison with other bilayer skin models. This is achievable due to the instant polymerization of the keratinocytes and fibroblast combination that allows a direct application on the wound. We suggest that the polymerizable skin hydrogel is an inexpensive, easy and rapid treatment that could be transferred into clinical practice in order to improve the treatment of skin wounds. 相似文献