食品检测用产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌标准物质的制备及评价

目的 制备并评价产肠毒素大肠埃希氏菌（ETEC）标准物质。方法 分别用基质辅助激光解吸电离（MALDI-TOF MS）、生化、16 s RNA基因序列测定三种方法确认菌株种属。采用冷冻干燥技术制备600个ETEC标准样品（103CFU/样品）;从中随机抽取20个进行均匀性检验;模拟25℃和37℃的运输温度测试样品的运输稳定性,同时在4℃和-20℃的条件下进行保藏稳定性检验。组织3家实验室对样品进行协同验证。最后选择20件食品基质来验证样品的使用效果。结果 生化、MALDI-TOF MS、16 s RNA基因序列鉴定CMCC(B)43208为大肠埃希氏菌,lt、stp、sth基因确认其为ETEC。均匀性检验中,单因素方差分析得F=1.48,小于FINV(0.05,19,20)。稳定性检验中,在25℃和37℃保藏7 d后结果为103CFU/样品,在-20℃保藏60 d和4℃保存28 d后结果为103CFU/样品。协同标定实验中,3家实验室检测样品中菌株均为ETEC(103CFU/标准样品)。使用效果评价中,ETEC标准样品加入20种食品基质后均可检出,而本底对照均未检出。结论 本实验制备的...     

Crosslinked,biodegradable polyurethanes for precision-porous biomaterials: Synthesis and properties

Crosslinked poly(ester urethane)s and their acrylate derivatives based on trifunctional polycaprolactone and trifunctional aliphatic isocyanates were synthesized. Biodegradable scaffolds with uniform, controlled micron-scale porosity were fabricated with these materials. Mechanical and swelling properties of monolithic and microporous materials were studied. Cytotoxicity, hydrolytic, and enzymatic degradation and their effects on mechanical properties of the biodegradable scaffolds were investigated. The polymer degradation products were found not to be cytotoxic at moderate concentrations and to permit cell attachment and spreading. Degradation rates and mechanical properties could be tuned to desired performance criteria for a given application by adjusting crosslink density and the ratio of hard segment to soft segment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48943.     

Standford B型主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内修复术围手术期并发症分析

目的总结覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Standford B型主动脉夹层的经验,分析围手术期并发症的发生率及处理方法。方法２００５年１月至２０１０年１月,１２７例B型主动脉夹层患者接受覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗。B型夹层１１２例,B型主动脉穿透性溃疡１５例。术前、术后１０d行６４排CTA检查,证实手术效果。统计分析围手术期病死率、主要并发症发生率,探讨死亡及发生主要并发症的可能原因。结果手术成功率１００％,围手术期死亡３例,病死率为２．４％,主要并发症发生率为１３．４％（１７／１２７）,包括截瘫１例,逆行性A型夹层１例,脑梗死致意识障碍２例,支架相关并发症９例,严重内漏４例。结论覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗B型主动脉夹层安全、有效,但主要并发症的发生不容忽视。     

A robotic DNA purification protocol and real-time PCR for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in foods

Primers designed to amplify a Campylobacter jejuni cadF gene sequence were used in an SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay as an alternative to conventional bacteriological methods for the rapid detection of C. jejuni in foods. Twenty-five grams of chicken skin (breast and thigh) was contaminated by adding approximately 1, 10, or 50 CFU of C. jejuni ATCC 35560. Twenty-five grams of pork and 25-ml aliquots of milk were also inoculated with 1 and 10 CFU of the pathogen. The samples were incubated in Bolton broth for different periods at 37 and 42 degrees C under microaerophilic conditions. Using a commercial robotic DNA purification system, DNA was extracted and purified from 1-ml aliquots of the enrichment cultures before and after centrifugation of the 250-ml enrichment broth at 15,900 x g for 10 min at 4 degrees C. The DNA was used as the template in a real-time PCR assay. C. jejuni was detected after 12 h of enrichment from samples inoculated with about 50 CFU/25-g sample. After centrifugation, an enrichment step of 8 h was sufficient to allow detection of pathogen in samples inoculated with 10 CFU/25 g. However, 24 h of enrichment was necessary to detect pathogen in samples inoculated with approximately 1 CFU/25 g. The real-time PCR protocol developed in this study significantly reduced the detection time of C. jejuni in foods.     

Dimer acid structures: Cyclic structures of clay catalyzed dimers of normal linoleic acid, 9-cis, 12-cis-Octadecadienoic acid

The clay catalyzed dimer of linoleic acid has been examined by mass spectrometry of the unhydrogenated, the partially hydrogenated and completely hydrogenated dimer. The results show that monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic structures are present. Monocyclic structures predominate, bicyclic structures are also prominent, and tricyclic structures are relatively minor. The monocyclic structure is believed to arise from a Diels-Alder type addition reaction. The bicyclic structure may result from a free radical coupling followed by intramolecular ring closure. The monocyclic structure in the unhydrogenated dimer appears to be mostly a benzene ring with saturated and unsaturated side-chains. It probably is formed by hydrogen transfer from the Diels-Alder cyclohexene structure first formed. Little, if any, of the Diels-Alder dimer structure as such is present. The catalytic linoleate dimer has a higher ratio of monocyclic to bicyclic dimer than does the noncatalytic (thermal) dimer made from normal (nonconjugated) linoleate, while the thermal dimer of a conjugatedtrans-trans linoleate is exclusively monocyclic. It is suggested that the clay catalyzes conjugation and hence favors the Diels-Alder reaction, and then catalyzes hydrogen transfer to aromatize the cyclohexene ring.     

Effects of moisture content of complete diets on feed intake and milk production by cows

In two trials, 47 and 54 Holstein cows were fed diets containing ensiled forages, ensiled and dry forages, or diets of different moisture contents. In trial 1, diets were fed during a preliminary dry period, early lactation, late lactation, a second dry period, and a second early lactation. In trial 2, four diets identical except for moisture content (78, 64, 52, and 40% dry matter) were fed for the first 200 days of lactation. Substitution of dry hay for alfalfa silage increased dry matter intake during the first early lactation, whereas partial substitution of corn silage with straw did not affect intake during dry periods. Dry matter intake increased linearly as dry matter content of diet increased in trial 2. Neither milk production nor body weight were affected by treatment in either trial. Percentage total solids increased linearly as dry matter content of diet decreased in trial 2. Volatile fatty acids differed slightly, but no trends were consistent. No differences of daily chewing time were observed. From these trials, diets of less than 60 to 65% dry matter may reduce intake by lactating dairy cows.     

The effects of divided attention on encoding processes in memory: Mapping the locus of interference.

Despite the detrimental effects of divided attention at encoding on later memory performance, results described in the literature do not unequivocally specify which processes are interrupted during encoding by participants' occupation with a concurrent task. Using a processing analysis framework where the encoding process is viewed as a multiphase mental activity, the current research investigated this issue using a new differential temporal interference paradigm where the study phase of single words was interrupted at different temporal segments. In two experiments, we used performance on both memory and online choice reaction time tasks to assess whether such differential interference would produce different degrees of reduction in participants' later memory performance, as well as changes in the attentional resources required to execute each of the encoding phases. Measures of memory and concurrent task performance in the two experiments converged on similar patterns, showing that all phases of encoding are affected by the concurrent task. However, the initial encoding phase, which is tentatively associated with the initial registration of information, seems especially vulnerable to interference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of dairy proteins in lean poultry meat batters – a comparative study

The use of dry whole milk, skimmed milk, caseinate, regular and modified whey, at 2% level (w/w) and with 2% additional protein level was studied in a chicken breast meat system with 51% water addition. At the 2% (w/w) level, all dairy proteins significantly reduced cooking loss compared with the control, with caseinate showing the best results. When compared on an equal protein level (2% total protein), the best performing ingredients were the whole milk and modified whey. A similar observation was made in their effect on the products’ hardness and fracturability. A cost analysis revealed that modified whey provided the most economical ingredient even when used in quantities three times greater than that of as caseinate. Microscopy results showed the formation of larger fine‐protein‐matrix regions in the treatments that provided higher fracturability values.     

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