On the structure of self-esteem: Comments on Ziller's formulation.

Reviewed conceptual issues in R. C. Ziller, J. Hagey, M. D. Smith, and B. Long's (see 43:8) research on social self-esteem (SSE) in the light of recent theoretical and empirical work. 3 limitations of the SSE measure and its supporting rationale were noted: (a) failure to distinguish between level and source of self-esteem, (b) implicit "masculine" bias, and (c) implicit cultural bias. These considerations would appear to explain the "negative" findings reported by Ziller and his colleagues and suggest modifications of the SSE formulation which could extend its generality. (27 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The fracture resistance of nickel aluminium bronze tubes

Burst tests on internally pressurised cast nickel aluminium bronze tubes containing artificial defects indicate that the alloy has a toughness of 150 Mn/m^3/2 at a thickness of 9.53 mm. Short axial through cracks only propagated after general yield at a very high effective toughness.

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Résumé Des essais de gonflement de tubes en bronze de Nickel, Aluminium moulé, soumis à une pression interne et comportant des défauts artificiels indiquent que l'alliage a une ténacité de 150 Mn/m^3/2 à une épaisseur de 9,53 mm. Des fissures traversantes axiales et courtes ne se sont propagées qu'après plastification générale à une ténacité effective très élevée.

     

Pretherapy information: An investigation of client responses.

36 female undergraduates who had expressed profeminist attitudes as operationally defined by the Attitudes Toward Women Scale were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Each group received differing amounts of pretherapy information about the therapist's values and therapy orientation. Results indicate that Ss did not perceive themselves as similar to the "explicit feminist" therapist, did not believe that she would be as helpful as either the "traditional" or "feminist label" therapists, and were not as willing to see the explicit feminist therapist. Implications for therapist disclosure of explicit value orientations are considered. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Metabolic abnormalities in developmental dyslexia detected by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

BACKGROUND: Neurological and physiological deficits have been reported in the brain in developmental dyslexia. The temporoparietal cortex has been directly implicated in dyslexic dysfunction, and substantial indirect evidence suggests that the cerebellum is also implicated. We wanted to find out whether the neurological and physiological deficits manifested as biochemical changes in the brain. METHODS: We obtained localised proton magnetic resonance spectra bilaterally from the temporo-parietal cortex and cerebellum of 14 well-defined dyslexic men and 15 control men of similar age. FINDINGS: We found biochemical differences between dyslexic men and controls in the left temporo-parietal lobe (ratio of choline-containing compounds [Cho] to N-acetylaspartate [NA] p< or =0.01) and right cerebellum (Cho/NA, p< or = 0.01; creatine [Cre] to NA p< or =0.05; (not significant). We found lateral biochemical differences in dyslexic men in both these brain regions (Cho/NA in temporo-parietal lobe, left vs right, p< or =0.01; Cre/NA in cerebellum, left vs right, p< or =0.001). We found no such lateral differences in controls. There was no significant relation between the degree of contralateral chemical difference and handedness in dyslexic or control men. INTERPRETATION: We suggest that the observed differences reflect changes in cell density in the temporo-parietal lobe in developmental dyslexia and that the altered cerebral structural symmetry in dyslexia is associated with abnormal development of cells or intracellular connections or both. The cerebellum is biochemically asymmetric in dyslexic men, indicating altered development of this organ. These differences provide direct evidence of the involvement of the cerebellum in dyslexic dysfunction.     

Vingt nouveaux germaniures ternaires TR5T4Ge10 de metaux tr des terres rares et T = Co,Rh, Ir. Supraconductivite de Lu5Rh4Ge10 et Lu5Ir4Ge10

Twenty ternary germanides, which crystallize in the Sc₅Co₄Si₁₀ type, have been prepared in the RE-T-Ge systems where RE is a rare earth and T = Co, Rh, Ir: with Co, RE = Tm-Lu; with Rh, RE = Y, Gd-Lu; with Ir, RE = Gd-Lu. Lu₅Rh₄Ge₁₀ and Lu₅Ir₄Ge₁₀ show superconducting transitions at 2.2?1.6 K and 2.01?1.94 K respectively.     

Male and female subjects in personality research.

Though studies have consistently demonstrated psychological differences between males and females, a review of published research indicated how little this finding influenced the selection of Ss for studies or the interpretation of results. A plea is made to include as easy a measure to obtain as the sex variable in the design. From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2AF82C. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identification and personality structure in preadolescents.

2 approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of parental identification were studied in relation to self-conceptualization and social adjustment in preadolescents. Disguised, objective measures of identification, parental attitudes, and personality characteristics of children were derived from responses of 43 children and their parents on a questionnaire designed to control social desirability and other response sets. Results indicated that a dualistic conception of identification, distinguishing between threat based and support based types of identification, was related to child personality measures, while the extent of identification was not. Children identifying with supporting parents were consistently more self-accepting, less dependent upon current social relationships, and more accepted by peers. Predicted interrelationships among child personality measures were also confirmed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)