猪皮胶原的酶法提取

以工业化的蛋白酶为原料 ,采用 3种不同的工艺 ,对提取猪皮胶原的生物酶法进行了研究。研究发现 :猪皮的酶水解产物分子呈不连续分布 ,主要集中在某些分子量处 ,与碱法工艺明胶分子量的分布明显不同 ;且酶处理条件不同 ,水解得率与产物分子量的分布也不同。     

浅析坦比哀多教堂的传承和影响

该文从坦比哀多教堂对古典建筑的传承,对阿尔伯蒂理念的发扬,帕拉第奥对坦比哀多的推崇以及坦比哀多对后世建筑的影响这四个方面,来分析这一文艺复兴集中式宗教建筑的开山之作的传承与影响,以及在西方建筑历史的重要意义.     

潮汕传统建筑装饰题材的深层语义

归纳整理了潮汕传统建筑装饰题材的发展沿革、取材类型、取材特点,并结合儒学思想、民俗美学、社会美学等方面的理论,初步分析了当地传统建筑装饰题材所承载的民俗文化和美学取向.     

婴幼儿食品源阪崎克罗诺杆菌的3种分型方法

阪崎克罗诺杆菌污染婴幼儿食品可能导致新生儿和婴幼儿脑膜炎、败血症和坏死性小肠结肠炎,对其健康造成严重威胁。采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)、多位点序列分型(MLST)和肠杆菌间保守重复序列PCR(ERIC-PCR)对分离于婴幼儿配方乳粉、米粉和辅食中的阪崎克罗诺杆菌进行分子分型,计算3种分型方法的辛普森多样性指数(DI)值,评价3种方法的分型效率,以便精确和快速开展阪崎克罗诺杆菌流行病学研究。PFGE、MLST和ERIC-PCR可分别将37株阪崎克罗诺杆菌分为35个PFGE基因型、28个ERIC-PCR型和23个序列(ST)型,分型结果的DI值分别为99.55%,96.40%和98.05%。3种方法对阪崎克罗诺杆菌均具有较高的分型能力,其中PFEG分型能力最高,分型效率最佳。     

纸厂废水中有机化合物分析研究进展

纸厂废水的主要特征有:色度大,悬浮物含量高,臭味大,含高浓营养物(可导致受纳水体富营养化)并且有毒性.本文概述了纸厂废水中的有机化合物,以及其分离提取技术和毒性特征测试方法.     

Linear adsorption of nonionic organic compounds from water onto hydrophilic minerals: silica and alumina

To characterize the linear adsorption phenomena in aqueous nonionic organic solute-mineral systems, the adsorption isotherms of some low-molecular-weight nonpolar nonionic solutes (1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, lindane, phenanthrene, and pyrene) and polar nonionic solutes (1,3-dinitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene) from single- and binary-solute solutions on hydrophilic silica and alumina were established. Toward this objective, the influences of temperature, ionic strength, and pH on adsorption were also determined. It is found that linear adsorption exhibits low exothermic heats and practically no adsorptive competition. The solute-solid configuration and the adsorptive force consistent with these effects were hypothesized. For nonpolar solutes, the adsorption occurs presumably by London (dispersion) forces onto a water film above the mineral surface. For polar solutes, the adsorption is also assisted by polar-group interactions. The reduced adsorptive forces of solutes with hydrophilic minerals due to physical separation by the water film and the low fractions of the water-film surface covered by solutes offer a theoretical basis for linear solute adsorption, low exothermic heats, and no adsorptive competition. The postulated adsorptive forces are supported by observations that ionic strength or pH poses no effect on the adsorption of nonpolar solutes while it exhibits a significant effect on the uptake of polar solutes.     

抗性淀粉对面条加工品质的影响

以普通小麦粉为原料,研究了抗性淀粉(RS)对干、鲜面条加工品质的影响。结果表明:随着RS添加量的增加,静置0~24 h的鲜白水、白盐和黄碱面片的色泽越来越好;鲜白水、白盐和黄碱面条的拉伸强度、拉断距离、拉伸面积都呈降低趋势,但添加5%RS的各鲜面条与原面条之间无显著差异;添加RS的干白水、白盐和黄碱面条的硬度均增大,添加5%~10%RS的干白盐面条和5%RS的干黄碱面条的黏弹性仍好于干白水面条对照,添加RS的干白水面条黏弹性变差。干面条的综合评分表明:添加5%~10%RS的面条表面状况变化差异不大,15%RS的面条表面光滑度降低,膨胀程度增大,添加5%~15%RS的面条均有可接受的外观和口感,但最适添加量为5%左右。     

Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction conditions on yields and antioxidant activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa extracts

Yields and antioxidant activity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction through an orthogonal experiment (L₁₆(4⁵)) were investigated to get the best extraction conditions. The results showed that extraction pressure, temperature and modifier were the main three variables that influenced the yields of extracts. The highest yield was obtained at 32 °C, 40 MPa, 20 L h⁻¹ with dosage of modifier 1 mL ethanol g⁻¹ sample for 3 h. Moreover, increasing pressure and concentrations of modifier led to the increase of extraction yields and antioxidant activity. DPPH radical scavenging method showed that almost all the extracts had significantly higher antiradical activities varying from 29.67 ± 0.29% to 54.16 ± 4.49% comparing to -tocopherol, Trolox, and BHT as references except extracts at 32 °C, 35 MPa and 15 L h⁻¹ without modifier for 1.5 h. These results indicate that supercritical extraction is a promising alternative process for recovering compounds of high antioxidant activity from C. pyrenoidosa.     

竹叶多糖的组分及抗氧化活性分析

竹叶粉碎后经过高温水提醇沉得竹叶多糖粗品.用DEAE琼脂糖凝胶FF和丙烯葡聚糖凝胶S-100分离纯化出两种均一多糖BLP30-1、BLP30-2,并对这二种多糖进行组分分析.气相分析结果表明,两者都由岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖五种糖组成.采用尺寸排除色谱和激光光散射联用仪(SEC-LLS)测定分子量分别为2.9×1 04、2.1×l04u.对两种多糖进行抗氧化活性研究表明,其对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基均有较高的抑制活性.     

紫苏叶酵素发酵过程中代谢产物与抗氧化活性研究

本文研究了紫苏叶酵素发酵过程中pH、可滴定酸含量、乳酸含量、醋酸含量、总糖含量、总酚含量、乙醇含量、抗氧化活性（DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率）的变化,并通过相关性分析与主成分分析确定紫苏叶酵素的发酵终点。结果表明,发酵过程中pH值逐渐由4.67下降至3.91,可滴定酸含量与羟自由基清除率均呈持续上升趋势,乳酸、醋酸、乙醇等含量呈先上升后下降趋势,其中后两者在105 d到达最大值,分别为0.90 mg/mL、1.66%vol;总糖含量呈先降后升至平缓趋势;总酚含量与DPPH自由基清除率同呈先升后降趋势,均在63 d达到最大值,分别为3.96 mg/mL与61.03%。综合评价指标（CEI）分析表明,发酵63 d时CEI值达到最大,且发酵后期CEI值呈现逐渐下降的变化趋势。综合考虑时间成本及CEI值,基本确定紫苏叶酵素的发酵终点为63 d。