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41.
Model-based testing relies on a model of the system under test. FineFit is a framework for model-based testing of Java programs. In the FineFit approach, the model is expressed by a set of tables based on Parnas tables. A software product line is a family of programs (the products) with well-defined commonalities and variabilities that are developed by (re)using common artifacts. In this paper, we address the issue of using the FineFit approach to support the development of correct software product lines. We specify a software product line as a specification product line where each product is a FineFit specification of the corresponding software product. The main challenge is to concisely specify the software product line while retaining the readability of the specification of a single system. To address this, we used delta-oriented programming, a recently proposed flexible approach for implementing software product lines, and developed: (1) delta tables as a means to apply the delta-oriented programming idea to the specification of software product lines; and (2) DeltaFineFit as a novel model-based testing approach for software product lines.  相似文献   
42.
    
CeO2-based materials can be found in a variety of catalytic processes, including the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Nevertheless, the interaction of molecular gases with the surfaces of such materials is still not clear. Recently, some progress was reported on the incorporation of neodymium (Nd) and calcium (Ca) into ceria and their effect on H2O and CO2 adsorption. Titanium (Ti), which has a much smaller ionic radius, has the ability to change the interaction landscape, both as a co-dopant to Ca and as a sole dopant in the CeO2 system. In this study, the interactions of environmental gases (i.e., water vapor and CO2) on the surface of Ti-doped CeO2 and Ca,Ti co-doped CeO2 were investigated. Ti addition to CeO2 was shown to decrease water vapor uptake by up to 25% all while maintaining similar heats of adsorption. In the case of CO2 adsorption, Ti addition to CeO2 had lowered the uptake by more than 50% as well as lowering the heat of adsorption. Co-doping with Ti and Ca showed small decrease in H2O uptake accompanied with increased heat of adsorption. For CO2, the changes to the uptake and energetics were small and did not indicate a specific trend. The RWGS catalytic performance showed improvement by the addition of Ti in certain levels. The relationship between the doping, surface properties, gas-surface interactions, and catalytic performance is discussed.  相似文献   
43.
Turtles were run on a negative patterning task involving 2 positive elements, a key with white stripes on a black background, and a solid red key, and a compound stimulus combining the 2 elements, white stripes on a red background. Injections of scopolamine, methylscopolamine, or saline were started at the same time that the compound stimulus was introduced, after the animals had been autoshaped to press the key for each of the elements. Scopolamine disrupted the learning of negative patterning, but methylscopolamine had no effect. In contrast, learning of a simple discrimination between the elements was not affected by scopolamine. These results show that muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the learning of negative patterning in turtles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   
44.
In order to evaluate the applicability of NMR to the analysis of explosives, the method was used to analyse explosives from actual cases. The results were then compared with results from other analytical methods, mainly TLC and GC/MS. For unexploded samples NMR was found to be a simple, fast and reliable method, often allowing the identification of mixtures without pre-separation. Some post-explosion samples were also successfully analysed by NMR. Although sensitivity problems still exist, NMR showed a surprisingly promising prospects for the difficult field of post-explosion analysis.  相似文献   
45.
    
Composite transparent ceramics offer various advantages over monolithic parts in many photonic applications. Typically, the formation of multicomponent composites requires elaborate processes that involve multiple steps of green body preparation and densification. This study presents a straightforward single-step fabrication method for composite transparent ceramics using spark plasma sintering. The method utilizes customized compaction tools that enable specific powder arrangements within the graphite die, resulting in a configured green body that can be directly densified. The versatile yet simple process is demonstrated for various composite designs, primarily comprising Nd3+:YAG and undoped YAG. The high transparency and precision of these composite ceramics render them suitable for prospective optical components such as high-power lasers and phosphors. Overall, the proposed method applies not only to multicomponent functional ceramics, but potentially any combination of sinterable materials, with similar densification behavior and thermal expansion coefficients.  相似文献   
46.
四基色投影显示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
我们采用多芯片HTPS屏结构,已开发出一种四基色前投式投影样机。这种投影机建立在对一种现行高端品牌产品的光学平台进行改进的基础之上。在KESHETTM芯片中,用ColorPeakTM算法,把标准720p输入信号转换成所需要的多基色输入信号,结果使色域和亮度都有了显著的提高。  相似文献   
47.
    
Charland et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1992 , 1098, 261–265) obtained photoacoustic data from sugar maple tree leaves, in which the photobaric part of the photoacoustic signal declined in time following a transition from high light to low light level, which they interpreted as indicating stromal and plasmal oxygen-consuming processes. Here, a simple mathematical model of oxygen diffusion, which includes a continuous distribution of oxygen-consuming sinks in the diffusion path from the photosynthetic membrane to the inner air phase, is presented. The model explains the main features of the dependence of the steady-state signal on the modulation frequency and the light intensity, although the numerical agreement between the data and the results of the model is only semi-quantitative, which is discussed. It turns out that at sufficiently high light intensity, or at a short time after a previous exposure to a high light level, the effect of oxygen consumption tends to zero because a high stromal oxygen concentration is built up which is saturating for the uptake process. Within this limitation, the merit of the photoacoustic signal as an indicator for photosynthetic oxygen evolution is preserved, answering recent doubts.  相似文献   
48.
    
For the first time, to our knowledge, a highly robust, high-bit-rate (10 Gbit/s) wavelength converter that is based on a narrow Brillouin filter is reported. The conversion takes place in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in a cross-gain-phase process. The SOA operates in a weak-modulation mode, and the exiting signal undergoes a dc reduction with a narrow spectral filter. In our system we perform spectrally narrow filtering by using a long Brillouin grating.  相似文献   
49.
    
A computational framework is developed in which cracks in two‐dimensional structures are identified, in conjunction with non‐destructive testing of specimens. As opposed to a previous study by the authors, which was based on time‐harmonic excitation with a single frequency, here the transient response of the structure to a short‐duration signal is measured along part of the external boundary. Crack detection is performed using the solution of an inverse time‐dependent problem. It is shown that the arrival time of the input signal to the points of measurement is a good criterion for crack identification in the time domain. The inverse problem of identification is solved using a genetic algorithm, while each forward problem is solved by the time‐dependent extended finite element method (XFEM). The XFEM scheme is efficient in that it allows the use of a single regular mesh for a large number of forward time response problems with different crack geometries. Numerical examples involving a crack in a flat membrane are presented. Identification based on ‘arrival time’ is shown to perform better than that based on time‐harmonic response. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
50.
    
A new computational tool is developed for the accurate detection and identification of cracks in structures, to be used in conjunction with non‐destructive testing of specimens. It is based on the solution of an inverse problem. Based on some measurements, typically along part of the boundary of the structure, that describe the response of the structure to vibration in a chosen frequency or a combination of frequencies, the goal is to estimate whether the structure contains a crack, and if so, to find the parameters (location, size, orientation and shape) of the crack that produces a response closest to the given measurement data in some chosen norm. The inverse problem is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA optimization process requires the solution of a very large amount of forward problems. The latter are solved via the extended finite element method (XFEM). This enables one to employ the same regular mesh for all the forward problems. Performance of the method is demonstrated via a number of numerical examples involving a cracked flat membrane. Various computational aspects of the method are discussed, including the a priori estimation of the ill‐posedness of the crack identification problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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