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101.
102.
Hybrid Monte Carlo–molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study defect distributions near Σ5(3 1 0)/[0 0 1] pure tilt grain boundaries (GBs) in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia and gadolinia-doped ceria. The simulations predict equilibrium distributions of dopant cations and oxygen vacancies in the vicinity of the GBs where both materials display considerable amounts of dopant segregation. The predictions are in qualitative agreement with various experimental observations. Further analyses show that the degree of dopant segregation increases with the doping level and applied pressure in both materials. The equilibrium segregation profiles are also strongly influenced by the microscopic structure of the GBs. The high concentration of oxygen vacancies at the GB interface due to lower vacancy formation energies triggers the dopant segregation, and the final segregation profiles are largely determined by the dopant–vacancy interaction. 相似文献
103.
Michael B. Kerber Michael J. Zehetbauer Erhard Schafler Florian C. Spieckermann Sigrid Bernstorff Tamas Ungar 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2011,63(7):61-70
For a long time the shift and broadening of Bragg profiles have been used to evaluate internal stresses and coherent domain
sizes, i.e. the smallest crystalline region without lattice defects. Modern technology provides both enhanced detector resolution
and high brilliance x-ray sources thus allowing measurements of x-ray peaks with a high resolution in space and time. In parallel
to the hardware, also diffraction theories have been substantially improved so that the shape of Bragg profiles can be quantitatively
evaluated not only in terms of the crystallite size and its distribution, but also in terms of the density, type and arrangement
of dislocations, twins and stacking faults. Thus state-of-the-art x-ray line profile analysis enables the thorough characterization
especially of nanostructured materials which also contain lattice defects. The method can be used also to prove the existence
of dislocations in crystalline materials. Examples of nanostructured metals, polymers and even molecular crystals like fullerenes
are given. 相似文献
104.
Jan Olav Jensen Dagfinn Sagen Helge Lunder Torstein Koc Thomas Knigge Sigrid Moldestad 《世界建筑导报》2011,26(3):70-71
河边桑拿位于一条美丽的河边,可以全景观赏远山的景色。它建在菲多斯景观酒店附近,供酒店的客人使用。桑拿房有一面玻璃墙,朝向景区。建筑物建在地形中,除玻璃墙外,四周用青草覆盖。 相似文献
105.
106.
Mag. Dr. Michaela Poppe DI MSc. Dr. Andreas Zitek DI Sigrid Scheikl DI Sabine Preis Ass.-Prof. DI Dr. Reinfried Mansberger DI Roland Grillmayer ao.Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. Susanne Muhar 《?sterreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft》2013,65(11-12):429-438
A scientific understanding of the processes at work in river landscapes represents an important basis for including the local populace in effective and sustainable river landscape management. By conveying system-based knowledge to students, these future inhabitants and users of river landscapes will be better able to recognize contexts and connections, understand project-related decisions and policies, and support sustainable planning efforts. As such, in October 2012 the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research started the “FlussAu:WOW!” project, part of the “Sparkling Science” research program. In the project, scientists work together with the students from two upper-level high-school classes over a period of two years, investigating research questions on river landscape management. The scientific goal of the project is to create a set of indicators to represent the functionality of floodplains. In the first school year, the researchers worked on key questions together with the students in workshops, performed field surveys and analyzed the results of fieldwork. In the subsequent discussions, the researchers constantly pointed out the complex interrelations at work in river-floodplain systems. Students’ knowledge was evaluated in pre-project and post-project tests. The analysis of the pre-tests revealed major knowledge gaps on questions concerning river landscape management, e.g. on factors that place major pressures on these regions. A comparison between the pre- and post-tests confirmed a significant improvement in the students’ factual knowledge after the first year; however, the post-project tests only showed a coupling of that knowledge with a recognition of cause-and-effect relations in sporadic cases. Beyond factual knowledge, it is above all a grasp of the interconnections between individual system elements that serves as an essential basis of education. Interactive, modern approaches are critical to conveying interdisciplinary knowledge. As part of the “FlussAu:WOW!” project, in the second school year system-based learning is implemented with the help of innovative modeling and simulation software. In both the pre- and post-tests, questions on the students’ interests revealed a high level of motivation to join in the research, and considerable interest in questions concerning nature and the environment. As a result, by the end of the first school year the cooperation between researchers, educators and students had already made a valuable contribution to sustainable river landscape management. 相似文献
107.
Thomas Koch Sabine Seidler Erich Halwax Sigrid Bernstorff 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(14):5318-5326
The influence of molecular weight on the microhardness of quenched and subsequently annealed isotactic PP is shown. A clear
dependence of microhardness on molecular weight and annealing temperature was detected. Even in the quenched state, where
it was difficult to detect morphological differences between the materials, microhardness shows differences. In all states,
quenched and annealed, the lower molecular weight samples have the higher hardness values. Up to an annealing temperature
of 70 °C the hardness increases only slightly in all samples, above 80 °C a more pronounced increase was observed. For the
microhardness of the samples annealed at 140 °C the ratio of the amorphous to the crystalline length is the dominating morphological
parameter. 相似文献
108.
Paulsen P Kanzler P Hilbert F Mayrhofer S Baumgartner S Smulders FJ 《International journal of food microbiology》2005,103(2):229-233
There is a demand from the meat industry as well as from public health authorities for a simple and rapid detection method for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from food. Hence, we compared different isolation procedures for their usefulness for this purpose. Bolton enrichment medium without blood, incubated statically in stomacher bags in microaerophilic atmosphere, detected more samples positive for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. than did Preston enrichment broth in bottles with small headspace and tight caps, incubated in aerobic atmosphere. Use of an automated antigen detection system to identify enrichment cultures positive for Campylobacter spp. was as sensitive as selective agars, and reduced the detection time by 24 h. Campylobacter spp. were recovered from 18.4% of the 461 samples tested. The prevalence was highest in refrigerated poultry meat (52% of the 80 samples tested) and poultry offal (41% of the 44 samples tested). 相似文献
109.
Highly Efficient Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a Multifrequency High-Power Gyrotron 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Prinz O. Arnold A. Gantenbein G. Ying-hui Liu Thumm M. Wagner D. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2009,56(5):828-834
A highly efficient quasi-optical mode converter with a bandwidth of 38 GHz has been designed and tested. The mode converter combines low-diffraction losses and a Gaussian mode content up to 97% for a set of nine modes in the range of 105 to 143 GHz for a 1-MW CW gyrotron. This was achieved using a dimpled-wall waveguide antenna (launcher), one quasi-elliptical mirror, and two toroidal mirrors. The optimization of the launcher was done using coupled-mode theory. The simulation results show a well-focused Gaussian beam for all nine operating modes. The curvature radii of the toroidal mirrors were determined by Gaussian mode transformation (ABCD-law) and subsequently optimized for a multimode operation. The simulations of the quasi-optical mode converter are based on the electric field integral equation and, thus, are 3-D. Experimental low-power measurements show close agreement with predictions. 相似文献
110.