深圳中小学建筑环境适应性设计策略研究

通过对深圳市中小学建筑进行调研,分析其在设计过程中遇到的高密度城市环境、原生地形地貌环境、南方湿热气候环境三大典型外部环境因素。并提出针对性策略,包括重视城市环境对项目的影响、校园景观与原生环境和谐共生、建筑手法与绿色技术兼顾达到低碳环保。旨在提供一种在中小学建筑设计时,处理好建筑与外部环境协调关系的设计思路。     

Trial-and-error urbanism: addressing obduracy,uncertainty and complexity in urban planning and design

This article argues that sustainable and communal neighborhoods could be significantly more common in North America if development practices addressed the barriers posed by sociotechnical obduracy and the inevitable limitations of expertise through expanded opportunities for experimentation. In reconceptualizing the problems faced by alternative urbanisms through the lens of science and technology studies, I explore how the intelligent trial-and-error (ITE) framework for governing emerging technologies could be extended to partially address the barriers of obduracy, uncertainty and complexity when pursuing alternative urban designs. An examination of how Baugruppen (cooperative building groups) were integrated into the planning process of Quartier Vauban, Freiburg, is used to illustrate both the potentials and a concrete application of an ITE-like approach. I then discuss some of the barriers to an ITE model of urban planning in North America and recommend further research at the intersection of urban studies and science and technology studies.     

TMY2与随机气象模型的准确性

考察了成都和重庆的TMY2数据的准确性，发现温度数据比较准确，但辐射数据的准确性差。利用随机气象模型对成都和重庆的气象资料进行了模拟，所得的温度和辐射数据的准确性均较好。     

建筑结构对带内热源工业厂房自然通风影响的数值研究

在热源参数一定而分别改变进风口面积、进风口离地高度、矩形天窗喉部开口面积及排风口面积等建筑结构参数的情况下,对工业厂房自然通风的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同计算工况下的通风量、排风温度、工作区的平均温度、热量分布系数及其变化规律,分析了工业厂房的建筑结构对自然通风的影响.     

An evaluation of the effects of various parameter weights on typical meteorological years used for building energy simulation

In this paper, we evaluate the influence of different parameter weights in creating “typical year” weather data following the typical meteorological year (TMY) methodology, by studying two sets of 3600 alternate weather files created using different parameter weights for Beijing (China) and New York City (USA). A “typical year” weather file consists of twelve distinctive months, each considered typical for that month of the year. Such a typical month, named “typical meteorological month (TMM),” is commonly identified by using a certain combination of parameter weights, such as 4:4:4:12, for dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation as in the TMY weather files developed by US National Climate Data Center (NCDC), or 4:4:2:10 in the newer TMY2 and TMY3 weather files developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). In this study, we investigate the influence of varying the parameter weights on the TMMs and the resultant new TMY weather files (nTMY). We found that the distribution of new 3600 TMMs tend to cluster within one or a few years for each month, and that the probabilities are very high for significant overlap between the new TMMs and the original TMMs chosen using the TMY/TMY2 weighting. Compared to the TMM data in TMY, the deviations of air temperatures and solar radiation values of the new TMMs and nTMYs derived from the 20-year weather data are less than 10% for both Beijing and New York. This confirms that the creation of “typical year” weather data is not very sensitive to the weighting of the different weather parameters, and that most nTMYs created and evaluated in this study are empirically close to the TMY data intended for use of simulating building energy consumption.     

铝合金发动机缸盖铸造工艺的计算机模拟分析

在对铝合金发动机缸盖进行工艺分析的基础上,制定了3组浇注方案,分别为缝隙式顶冒口补缩浇注系统、顶冒口直接浇注系统、半开放式半包围型横浇道浇注系统.通过使用铸造数值模拟软件对金属液的充型和凝固过程进行数值模拟,认为缝隙式顶冒口补缩浇注系统为最优方案.确定了缸盖的优化工艺参数:模具预热温度为400℃,浇注温度为720℃.在该组优化的工艺参数下,通过对金属液的充型和凝固过程的动态观察,预测了充型时间、凝固时间和可能存在的缩松、缩孔及气孔缺陷的分布与体积分数.     

W对γ-TiAl基合金单向凝固组织的影响

采用电弧熔炼并直接在冷坩埚中凝固,得到了具有单向凝固特征的TiAl合金纽扣锭,以此研究了合金元素W对单向凝固组织的影响.结果表明,W对TiAl合金单向凝固的枝晶组织有细化作用,当W含量为2.5%时,可以将凝固组织的晶粒宽度减小到200 μm,二次枝晶间距减小到50 μm.随着W含量的增加,先凝固形成的β相晶粒内部出现网络分布的富W相,并最终转变为B2相.Ti-46Al合金中加入W元素后,片层团尺寸及片层厚度减小.     

1Cr9MoVNbN叶片WC-Co防护涂层结构与性能研究

采用等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂工艺在汽轮机动叶片1COMoVNbN母材上制备了WC-Co防护涂层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和高温冲蚀试验机等技术研究了涂层的相结构、表面形貌、孔隙率以及抗高温氧化和抗固体微粒侵蚀性能。结果表明,超音速火焰喷涂相比于等离子喷涂所制备的涂层中,WC相含量较多,涂层致密,孔隙率小。超音速火焰喷涂制备的含17%Co的WC-Co涂层相比于母材具有较好的抗高温氧化和抗固体微粒侵蚀性能。     

黄金掺铱制品的金相研究

采用金相制样的方法对黄金掺铱制品进行处理,在金相显微镜下可以观察到样品中铱的形态。这一方法可为黄金掺铱制品的快速检测提供支持。     

EB-PVD工艺中粘结层厚度对热障涂层寿命的影响

采用电子束物理气相沉积技术在高温合金基体上制备不同粘结层厚度的YSZ热障涂层试样来分析粘结层厚度对热障涂层体系寿命的影响。对试样进行循环氧化试验以及热重分析来测试试样的热循环寿命和抗氧化性能。分别采用XRD、SEM和EDS对不同状态下的涂层进行相组成、微观形貌和成分组成分析。结果显示:热障涂层体系有明显的抗氧化作用,且抗氧化作用随着粘结层厚度的增加逐渐增强;粘结层的厚度对涂层体系的寿命影响显著,在特定的厚度范围内,涂层体系热循环寿命较长。综合各方面影响因素,得出本试验条件下粘结层厚度最优范围为50～70μm。