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31.
Tim Kühl Katharina ScheiterPeter Gerjets Jörg Edelmann 《Computers in human behavior》2011,27(1):29-35
In this study we investigated the influence of text modality on learning with static and dynamic visualizations in a dynamic domain, namely the physical principles underlying fish locomotion. A 2 × 2-design with type of visualization (static vs. dynamic) and text modality (spoken vs. written) as independent variables was used. Concerning learning outcomes, it was hypothesized that (1) learners presented with dynamic visualizations would outperform learners presented with static visualizations, (2) learners presented with spoken text would outperform learners presented with written text, and (3) an interaction between type of visualization and modality would occur: the superiority of dynamic over static visualizations was expected to be more pronounced for spoken compared to written text. Subjective cognitive load measures were assessed and expected to mirror the aforementioned pattern of learning outcomes in accordance with Cognitive Load Theory (i.e., higher extraneous cognitive load (ECL) related to lower learning outcomes). For transfer tasks, the first two hypotheses could be confirmed. However, there was no interaction. Moreover, ECL was rated higher by subjects when learning with static compared to dynamic visualizations, but there were no differences for ECL with respect to the text modality. The results are discussed within the framework of Cognitive Load Theory. 相似文献
32.
Tim Van Gestel Feng Han Doris Sebold Hans Peter Buchkremer Detlev St?ver 《Microsystem Technologies》2011,17(2):233-242
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a thin-film yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte was developed and tested. This
novel SOFC shows a similar multilayer set-up as other current anode-supported SOFCs and is composed of a Ni/8YSZ anode, a
gas-tight 8YSZ electrolyte layer, a dense Sr-diffusion barrier layer and a LSCF cathode. To increase the power density and
lower the SOFC operating temperature, the thickness of the electrolyte layer was reduced from around 10 μm in current cells
to 1 μm, using a nanoparticle deposition method. By using the novel 1 μm electrolyte layer, the current density of our SOFC
progressed to 2.7, 2.1 and 1.6 A/cm2 at operation temperatures of 800, 700 and 650°C, respectively, and out-performs all similar cells reported to date in the
literature. An important consideration is also that cost-effective dip-coating and spin-coating methods are applied for the
fabrication of the thin-film electrolyte. Processing of 1 μm layers on the very porous anode substrate material was initially
experienced as very difficult and therefore 8YSZ nanoparticle coatings were developed and optimized on porous 8YSZ model substrates
and transferred afterwards to regular anode substrates. In this paper, the preparation of the novel SOFC is shown and its
morphology is illustrated with high resolution SEM pictures. Further, the performance in a standard SOFC test is demonstrated. 相似文献
33.
Smuc Michael Mayr Eva Lammarsch Tim Aigner Wolfgang Miksch Silvia G rtner Johannes 《Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE》2009,29(3):29-38
For evaluating visual-analytics tools, many studies confine to scoring user insights into data. For participatory design of those tools, we propose a three-level methodology to make more out of users' insights. The Relational Insight Organizer (RIO) helps to understand how insights emerge and build on one each other. 相似文献
34.
User interfaces are becoming more intuitive following the requirements of the individual learner and reinforcing the drive towards more personalised learning and greater learner autonomy. There are clearly a new set of challenges emerging for teaching practitioners that will have implications upon not just what is learned but importantly upon lesson planning. This paper explores these changes to teaching through a consideration of an exploratory learning model which allows practitioners to rethink how they teach in 3D and immersive spaces where learning sequences and experiences are choreographed to support peer interactions and exchanges. The ELM extends from Kolb’s experiential learning model to adapt the use of 3D applications, and provides examples from research and development projects to exemplify how the model works in practice. Teaching in these contexts provides less emphasis upon curriculum and more emphasis upon sequencing learning experiences, meta-reflection, peer assessment and group work. 相似文献
35.
Bentley T 《Applied ergonomics》2009,40(2):175-180
The vast majority of the published workplace slips, trips and falls (STF) literature is exceedingly narrow in its focus and often ignores wider systems issues in workplace STF aetiology. There is little recognition within the published literature of the importance of latent failures or the upstream organisational and cultural contexts within which workplace STF occur. This is unfortunate, as a systems approach to workplace STF analysis, that is inclusive of latent design and work organisation factors that often shape worker behaviour patterns related to STF risk (e.g. rushing, risk taking), is fundamental to the development of effective prevention measures. The aims of this paper are to provide an understanding of workplace STF causation that is cognisant of the potential role of both active and latent failures in STF causation. The paper presents an ergonomics model for workplace STF analysis that highlights information processing in STF aetiology, the STF incident process and the interaction between latent and active failures in STF causation. The paper draws upon ergonomics research conducted in a range of occupational contexts to illustrate the key features of the model as it applies to workplace STF. Implications of the model for analysis and prevention of STF are discussed. 相似文献
36.
37.
Tim Menzies Ye Yang George Mathew Barry Boehm Jairus Hihn 《Empirical Software Engineering》2017,22(5):2658-2683
More than half the literature on software effort estimation (SEE) focuses on comparisons of new estimation methods. Surprisingly, there are no studies comparing state of the art latest methods with decades-old approaches. Accordingly, this paper takes five steps to check if new SEE methods generated better estimates than older methods. Firstly, collect effort estimation methods ranging from “classical” COCOMO (parametric estimation over a pre-determined set of attributes) to “modern” (reasoning via analogy using spectral-based clustering plus instance and feature selection, and a recent “baseline method” proposed in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering). Secondly, catalog the list of objections that lead to the development of post-COCOMO estimation methods. Thirdly, characterize each of those objections as a comparison between newer and older estimation methods. Fourthly, using four COCOMO-style data sets (from 1991, 2000, 2005, 2010) and run those comparisons experiments. Fifthly, compare the performance of the different estimators using a Scott-Knott procedure using (i) the A12 effect size to rule out “small” differences and (ii) a 99 % confident bootstrap procedure to check for statistically different groupings of treatments. The major negative result of this paper is that for the COCOMO data sets, nothing we studied did any better than Boehms original procedure. Hence, we conclude that when COCOMO-style attributes are available, we strongly recommend (i) using that data and (ii) use COCOMO to generate predictions. We say this since the experiments of this paper show that, at least for effort estimation, how data is collected is more important than what learner is applied to that data. 相似文献
38.
Tim Horberry 《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2011,41(5):551-560
Designing and implementing safe, efficient and operator-centred traffic management systems for mobile equipment, other vehicles and pedestrians is of key importance in almost every industrial domain. Such systems rarely develop successfully on their own; whilst standards and guidelines do exist, they are often not stringently and comprehensively employed in all industrial settings, and additional guidance to managers responsible for traffic management would be beneficial.Building on models of the elements required for effective traffic management, the work described in this paper used a review of the literature, case studies from a variety of different industrial domains and operator-centred safe design processes to develop a set of 50 human element questions to help ensure mobile equipment safety. The process was iterative, and involved subject matter expert feedback, trialling the draft question set in an audit of several sites following a major incident and incorporating emerging findings about the possible use of new assistive technologies (such as collision detection systems).
Relevance to industry
In terms of industrial applications, the resultant question list can be used to identify potential problem areas, primarily safety but also partly inefficiency, regarding mobile equipment interactions with pedestrians, infrastructure or other equipment. Potential problem areas revealed could then undergo more detailed investigation and possible correction using risk assessment techniques or similar. 相似文献39.
Roman Beck Daniel Beimborn Tim Weitzel Wolfgang König 《Information Systems Frontiers》2008,10(4):415-429
Adoption research has largely ignored the dynamic impact of network effects on technology adoption and diffusion. For example, some technologies become more attractive the more social peers use them as well. But adoption at the same time increases the value for the peers and thereby their adoption decisions as well. Unfortunately, interdependencies like these make adoption and diffusion patterns very complex. Drawing on network effect theory, we develop an adoption and diffusion model that explicitly considers the role of direct and indirect network effects for individual technology adoption, using mobile commerce adoption as application example. By applying a simulation approach we can exemplify and analyze the fundamental adoption dynamics given rise to by network effects. We thereby propose a way of how to incorporate network effects into adoption research and disclose the role of the technology diffusion lifecycle for individual adoption. 相似文献
40.
Kim Wüllenweber Daniel Beimborn Tim Weitzel Wolfgang König 《Information Systems Frontiers》2008,10(2):211-224
What is the impact of business process standardization on business process outsourcing (BPO) success? This paper argues that there is a direct impact of process standardization on BPO success, due to production cost economies, and also an indirect effect via improved contractual and relational governance resulting from better monitoring opportunities and facilitated communication and coordination. This threefold impact of standardization on BPO success is empirically confirmed using data from 335 BPO ventures in 215 German banks. 相似文献