A block iterative finite element algorithm for numerical solution of the steady–state,compressible Navier–Stokes equations

An iterative method for numerically solving the time independent Navier–Stokes equations for viscous compressible flows is presented. The method is based upon partial application of the Gauss–Seidel principle in block form to the systems of the non-linear algebraic equations which arise in construction of finite element (Galerkin) models approximating solutions of fluid dynamic problems. The C⁰-cubic element on triangles is employed for function approximation. Computational results for a free shear flow at Re = 1000 indicate significant achievement of economy in iterative convergence rate over finite element and finite difference models which employ the customary time dependent equations and symptotic time marching procedure to steady solution. Numerical results are in excellent agreement with those obtained for the same test problem employing time marching finite element and finite difference solution techniques.     

Investigation of leakage characteristics of PbSnTes̵bndPbTe inverted heterostructure diodes

The results of a study of the overall electrical characteristics of PbSnTe diodes are presented and interpreted on the basis of a simple p-n junction model. These diodes are made from a PbSnTe epilayer grown by a liquid-phase epitaxy technique on a PbTe wafer substrate. The diodes have a 50% spectral cutoff at 11.5 μm when operated at 85K, which shifts to 14.5 μm at T = 15K. Major contributions to the bulk current are diffusion current at T > 80K, and generation-recombination current for 80 >T ? 30K. Surface related leakage is predominant at T < 30 K for small area diodes (A < 1 × 10^?4 cm²) at low bias voltage. Bulk defect related leakage contributes heavily the large area diodes (A > 1 × 10^?3 cm²) at T ? 60K.     

Young infants' retention of information about bisyllabic utterances.

This study examined 2- to 3-month-olds' representations of bisyllables. In 3 experiments, infants were familiarized with sets of bisyllables that either did or did not share a common consonant–vowel (CV) syllable. In Experiment 1, infants detected the presence of a new bisyllable in the test phase except when it shared a common initial CV syllable. A modified version of the high-amplitude sucking procedure, incorporating a 2-min delay period, tested infants' retention of information about bisyllables in the remaining 2 experiments. In Experiment 2, infants were significantly more likely to retain information about bisyllables that shared the same initial CV syllable. Finally, the authors investigated whether infants simply benefited from the presence of 2 common phonetic segments, regardless of whether these came from the same CV syllable. The results showed that CV syllable organization is important in infants' ability to encode and retain information about bisyllables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The expression of regenerative growth factors in chronic liver injury and repair

The outcomes of surgical reconstruction for patients who have undergone extensive tumor resection of the mandible and associated soft tissue have been less than desirable for many reasons: lack of cancer cure, radiation problems, as well as inadequate functional reconstructive results. These patients traditionally have undergone multiple surgical procedures for restoration of the surgical deformity. With the advent of new donor sites and successful transfer of microvascular hard and soft tissue, one can restore the largest defects created during cancer excision. Combining these techniques with biocompatible dental implants and reconstructive bone plates, technology has advanced to the point of predictable outcomes. The restoration of appearance, mandibular function, and mastication is mandated by patients. Dental implants are now placed in vascularized bone reconstruction of the mandible immediately at the time of ablative surgery. This obviates the need for additional surgical reconstructive procedures, adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and problems associated with the placement of dental implants in irradiated tissue.     

Effectiveness of culturally focused and generic skills training approaches to alcohol and drug abuse prevention among minority youths.

Tested the effectiveness of 2 alcohol and drug abuse prevention programs among 639 inner-city minority 7th-grade students in New York City. Ss were randomly assigned to receive (1) a generic skills training prevention approach, (2) a culturally focused prevention approach, or (3) an information-only control. Results indicate that Ss in both prevention approaches had lower intentions to drink beer or wine in the future relative to Ss in the control group. The generic skills training approach also showed promise in terms of intention to drink hard liquor and use illicit drugs. Both prevention programs influenced several mediating variables in a direction consistent with nondrug use. Results provide preliminary support for the 2 approaches with respect to alcohol and drug use prevention among minority youths in New York City. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Termination guidelines for a magnet school review committee: Application of decision theory.

The purpose of a magnet school is to assist the school system in reaching its desegregation goals while providing a quality education. One of the roles of the magnet review committee is to evaluate the degree of success of particular magnets and make recommendations to the United States District Court, Eastern District of Missouri, about proposals to terminate magnet schools. The committee members have found it difficult to reach consensus on these proposals. We conducted an empirical case study of the process by which applied experimental psychology consultants helped to develop the review procedure. We constructed a decision guideline by quantitatively modeling the attitudes, beliefs, and legal positions of the decision makers and representing them as a series of weighted utility functions. The decision aid was accepted by the magnet review committee and the federal court and is currently being used by the committee to evaluate schools for termination. In this article we discuss the development of the decision aid from methodological and consultative perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alterations of phospholipids in ischemic canine myocardium during acute arrhythmia

Myocardial ischemia was produced in the left ventricle of the canine heart by a Harris two-stage occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The lipid content in the ischemic myocardium was analyzed and compared with the control tissue. No significant change in total phospholipid and cholesterol was detected. A 2-fold elevation in the levels of the major lysophospholipids was observed during acute ventricular arrhythmias at 24hr after the onset of ischemia. Such increases were not caused by preferential hydrolysis of phospholipid plasmalogens from the parent phospholipids.