Influence of asthma or allergies on the utilization of health care resources and quality of life of college students

The objectives of this study were to describe the treatment regimens of college students with asthma or allergies, to determine how asthma or allergies affect the lives of college students, and to evaluate the health care resources utilized by college students with asthma or allergies. A mail survey was sent to 275 students who received treatment for asthma or allergies at the Thomson Student Health Center at The University of South Carolina (TSHC-USC) during the fall 1991 semester. This survey, consisting of 46 questions, covered three key areas: current asthma or allergy management, class and work days missed, and utilization of health care resources. Students with "asthma and allergy" missed on average 2.4 days of class during the fall semester, whereas those with "asthma only" and "allergy only" missed on average 0.8 day and 1.5 days of class, respectively. Students with "allergy only" appeared to have a greater interference in their daily class and academic activities than students with "asthma and allergy" and "asthma only." In conclusion, students reported interference in their college activities and reported missing days of work and school because of asthma or allergies. This study also showed that a majority of these college students have not received asthma or allergy patient education nor utilized appropriate asthma or allergy management skills.     

Time perception in organically healthy and brain damaged subjects

The aims of this study were to investigate whether brain lesions are associated with an impairment of time judgement and whether there is any relationship between alterations of time experience and the side and localization of brain lesions. References were made to the literature dealing with different definitions of the concept of time and the notions derived from time as a categorial entity, such as time experience, time perception and time awareness. To begin with, the philosophical and psychological approach was considered. There upon definitions as given by the natural sciences, conceptual classifications, phenomenological investigations as well as psychopathological considerations were analysed. Furthermore, the literature on disorders of time judgement was reviewed against the background of alterations of time experience in patients with brain lesions. In the present study patients with definite single brain lesions were examined and compared with a group of normal subjects. Three methods for testing time judgement (method of production, method of reproduction and time estimation) were applied to each subject. The results showed that in a substantial proportion of brain-damaged patients a subjective impression of changes in the rate at which time passed was reported, mostly in form of an apparent slowing down. No difference could be demonstrated between left or right cerebral lesions or between different localizations within one hemisphere. On the testing for objective time judgement the brain-damaged patients showed a tendency to under-or overestimation of time intervals, often exceeding the pre-established normal boundaries by far. We observed a certain "vulnerability" of the right hemisphere on the tasks for time judgement, especially in the case of right-sided parieto-occipital lesions.     

An alternative method for the measurement of the mechanical impulse of a vertically directed blast

An alternative method for the measurement of the total mechanical impulse of a vertically directed blast due to an explosive charge is presented. The method differs from apparatus that employ a vertically displaced mass (similar in principle to the ballistic pendulum) in that a relatively compact spring-damper system is employed to constrain the movement of the mass. The mechanical impulse is determined by integrating, with respect to time, the net force applied to the spring-damper system. The details of an explosive impulse measuring instrument rated to 12 kN s are presented.     

A decoupled federate architecture for high level architecture-based distributed simulation

A number of research issues arise in executing large scale High Level Architecture (HLA) based distributed simulations. Among these issues distributed simulation cloning, fault tolerance and Grid enabled architecture are particularly important and challenging. This paper presents a Decoupled Federate Architecture as the underlying infrastructure to facilitate a solution to each of the above issues.     

A comparison of NOAA–AVHRR fire data with three Landsat data sets in arid and semi-arid Australia

Burnt area data, derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery, are validated in 11 regions of arid and semi-arid Australia, using three separate Landsat-derived burnt area data sets. Mapping accuracy of burnt extent is highly variable between areas and from year to year within the same area. Where there are corresponding patches in the AVHRR and Landsat data sets, the fit is good. However, the AVHRR data set misses some large patches. Overall, 63% of the Landsat burnt area is also mapped in the AVHRR data set, but this varies from 0% to 89% at different sites. In total, 81% of the AVHRR burnt area data are matched in the Landsat data set, but range from 0% to 94%. The lower match rates (<50%) are generally when little area has burnt (0–500 km²), with figures generally better in the more northerly sites. Results of regressions analysis based on 10 km?×?10 km cells are also variable, with R ² values ranging from 0.37 (n?=?116) to 0.94 (n?=?85). For the Tanami Desert scene, R ² varies from 0.41 to 0.61 (n?=?368) over three separate years. Combining the data results in an R ² of 0.60 (n?=?1315) (or 0.56 with the intercept set to 0). The slopes of the regressions indicate that mapping the burnt area from AVHRR imagery underestimates the ‘true’ extent of burning for all scenes and years. Differences in mapping accuracy between low and high fire years are examined, as well as the influence of soil, vegetation, land use and tenure on mapping accuracy. Issues which are relevant to mapping fire in arid and semi-arid environments and discontinuous fuels are highlighted.     

OCEANcode: The complete set of algorithms and models for the level_2 processing of European CZCS historical data

A complete set of algorithms and models for the level_2 processing of the European CZCS historical data was integrated in the OCEANcode software package. The OCEANcode allows the calibration of the sensor-recorded signal taking into account the instrument sensitivity loss; the correction of the calibrated signal for atmospheric contamination and derive sub-surface reflectances; and then the estimation of the concentration of water constituents. The atmospheric correction is performed on the basis of a reflectance-model-based algorithm. The Rayleigh correction is applied consistently for all water pixels, using a multiple scattering approach, and introducing atmospheric pressure and Ozone concentration data in the computation. The marine aerosol correction uses a pixel-by-pixel iterative procedure, allowing successive estimates of both the marine reflectance in the red spectral region (670nm) and the Angstrom exponent, which links simple wavelengths ratios to reflectance ratios. For case 1 waters, the optical properties of which are essentially dominated by planktonic pigments, the interrelations between marine reflectances and reflectance ratios at various wavelengths are derived from modelled calculations. For identified case 2 waters, where water constituents other than planktonic pigments (i.e. dissolved organics and suspended sediments) dominate the water optical properties, the evaluation of marine reflectances is approximated by means of interpolated Angstrom exponent values computed over case 1 water pixels and of empirical relationships derived from in situ measurements. The computation of chlorophyll-like pigments is performed with algorithms based on blue/green (443-550nm) reflectance ratios, for lower pigment concentration, or on green/green (520-550nm) reflectance ratios, for higher pigment concentration. As for the case of atmospheric corrections, the inter-relations between pigment concentration and reflectance ratios are model-derived for case 1 waters, and empirically determined for case 2 waters.     

Successful and unsuccessful multicommunication episodes: Engaging in dialogue or juggling messages?

This paper describes instances of multicommunicating—or engaging in more than one conversation at a time. It uses a critical incident technique to explore successful and unsuccessful incidents of multicommunicating from the perspective of 201 MBA students. Additionally, we asked which media individuals pair together when multicommunicating. We found very frequent pairing of the telephone (which provides partial compartmentalization but no flexibility of tempo) with electroric text (which provides both compartmentalization and flexibility of tempo). We also found that respondents provide a variety of reasons for labeling a particular episode as “unsuccessful.” In many cases the person seemed to describe an episode as unsuccessful when the person or a communicating partner had exceeded his or her ability to juggle multiple conversations as demonstrated by communication errors.     

Review of Family Stories and the Life Course: Across Time and Generations.

In this review of "Family Stories and the Life Course: Across Time and Generations" (see record 2004-13618-000), the reviewer states that many psychologists will want to read this book from cover to cover because it is excellent. It will create excitement for developmental psychologists who are open to extending their perspectives on individual functioning to include more of a focus on whole family systems. It will also challenge family psychologists to deepen their understanding of how the functioning of each family member at different stages of the life span is related to interactions and meaning-making in the group. Clinical psychologists will glean new ideas about the accounts of family life they hear from their clients and the transformative power of having family members jointly engage in reconstructing problematic family stories. The range of topics and the overall quality of the research and theorizing are truly impressive. This book draws together in one volume conceptual development and recent research findings about family narratives. The reader will gain an understanding of how family stories and story telling are related to acquisition of language, regulation of affect, attachment processes and socialization of children, development of identity in adolescents, cognitive functioning in older persons, and interactions between children, parents, and grandparents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An improved strategy for regression of biophysical variables and Landsat ETM+ data

Empirical models are important tools for relating field-measured biophysical variables to remote sensing data. Regression analysis has been a popular empirical method of linking these two types of data to provide continuous estimates for variables such as biomass, percent woody canopy cover, and leaf area index (LAI). Traditional methods of regression are not sufficient when resulting biophysical surfaces derived from remote sensing are subsequently used to drive ecosystem process models. Most regression analyses in remote sensing rely on a single spectral vegetation index (SVI) based on red and near-infrared reflectance from a single date of imagery. There are compelling reasons for utilizing greater spectral dimensionality, and for including SVIs from multiple dates in a regression analysis. Moreover, when including multiple SVIs and/or dates, it is useful to integrate these into a single index for regression modeling. Selection of an appropriate regression model, use of multiple SVIs from multiple dates of imagery as predictor variables, and employment of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to integrate these multiple indices into a single index represent a significant strategic improvement over existing uses of regression analysis in remote sensing.To demonstrate this improved strategy, we compared three different types of regression models to predict LAI for an agro-ecosystem and live tree canopy cover for a needleleaf evergreen boreal forest: traditional (Y on X) ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, inverse (X on Y) OLS regression, and an orthogonal regression method called reduced major axis (RMA). Each model incorporated multiple SVIs from multiple dates and CCA was used to integrate these. For a given dataset, the three regression-modeling approaches produced identical coefficients of determination and intercepts, but different slopes, giving rise to divergent predictive characteristics. The traditional approach yielded the lowest root mean square error (RMSE), but the variance in the predictions was lower than the variance in the observed dataset. The inverse method had the highest RMSE and the variance was inflated relative to the variance of the observed dataset. RMA provided an intermediate set of predictions in terms of the RMSE, and the variance in the observations was preserved in the predictions. These results are predictable from regression theory, but that theory has been essentially ignored within the discipline of remote sensing.