SIGNAL-DETECTION PERFORMANCE BY SUBJECTS DIFFERING IN PREDISPOSITION TO DAYDREAMING.

SS REPRESENTING EXTREMES ON QUESTIONNAIRES OF PRIOR DISPOSITION TO DAYDREAMING FREQUENCY AND THOUGHTFULNESS ALSO DIFFERED IN REPORTS OF TASK-IRRELEVANT IMAGERY DURING RAPID-RATE AUDITORY SIGNAL-DETECTION SESSIONS. WHILE HIGH DAYDREAMERS SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT PERFORMANCE DECREMENT OVER TIME IN GENERAL, THEY DID NOT SHOW SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DETECTION ERRORS THAN DID LOW DAYDREAMERS. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DATA OBTAINED FROM QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES ARE RELEVANT TO PERFORMANCE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL SITUATION AND ALSO SUPPORT A MODEL RELATING DAYDREAMING TRENDS TO CERTAIN PATTERNS OF PREFERENCE FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL STIMULATION EVEN UNDER RELATIVELY DEMANDING AND ALERTING CONDITIONS OF RAPID SIGNAL PRESENTATION. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparative Study on Three Methods for Determining Air Content in Meat Batters

Measurement of air content in meat batters is useful, as larger amounts of air negatively affect some properties of comminuted products. Three methods were compared. One method (Vemag) involved liberation of entrapped air from the batter by the combined effects of vacuum and mechanical forces. The other two methods involved application of under- (Smrat) or over- (Handtmann) pressure and calculation of the air content using Boyle's ideal gas law. The Smrat showed the lowest reproducibility. However, being the most rapid and easy to use, it was the method of choice for routine quality and process control. The Vemag and more favorably the Handtmann were recommended for accurate and reproducible determinations.     

AN EVALUATION OF OVERLOAD MODELS ON THE RETARDATION BEHAVIOR IN A Ti-6A1–4V ALLOY

Abstract— Fatigue crack retardation behavior due to an overload under different overload ratios and different crack lengths in a Ti-6A1–4V titanium alloy has been investigated. The effect of some major factors on retardation behavior is discussed as a result of an interaction between the overload and cyclic loads. It is suggested that the retardation process may be divided into five stages. From an analysis of the modes of fatigue fracture, the overload in these tests can be regarded as occurring under plane strain conditions or a mixed mode in which the plane strain condition predominates. Thus, at a given overload ratio the number of delay cycles N_D caused by an overload decreases with an increase of K₀₁ under these plane strain conditions.
In this paper, the Wheeler, Willenborg, Maarse and Matsuoka models were selected for comparison with regard to engineering applications. An evaluation of their ability to predict life has been made. The Matsuoka model based on the crack closure concept was found to be in good agreement with experimental results. It is also recognized that the experimental values of the effective overload zone size are considerably greater than the calculated values suggested by the above mentioned models.     

Setting Agendas for Community Change: The Community Goal-Setting Strategy

ABSTRACT: Communities find it difficult to set their agendas and act, hamstrung by fragmentation, internal division and incrementalism Yet in rapidly changing environments, localities can ill-afford to let nature take its course. As a consequence a number of communities have turned to goal-setting. This paper examines community goal setting as a strategy of change. Three types of goals projects are identified the American Assembly Process, Anticipatory Democracy, and Strategic Planning. In considering their strengths and weaknesses, we ask(1) Who initiates the process for what purpose? (2) What problems are encountered? and (3) Is the public interest being served? Goal-setting, while not a replacement for government, can serve as a useful strategy to aid cities in transition.     

Phase Analysis in Zirconia Systems

Linear calibration curves were developed for determining the content of free ZrO₂ in partially stabilized zirconia ceramics by X-ray diffraction techniques. Two methods were studied. The matrix method, in which free ZrO₂ was considered to be distributed in a matrix (the cubic phase), gave approximately equal mass absorption coefficients for the monoclinic and cubic phases. The polymorph technique, in which the cubic phase was considered to be a polymorph of ZrO₂ and in which integrated intensities were used, gave the better results.     

Major isomers of the active ingredient of the sunscreen 5(3,3-dimethyl-2-norbornylidene)-3 pentene-2-one

With high-performance liquid chromatography the three major isomers present in the sunscreen agent, 5(3, 3-dimethyl-2-norbornylidene)-3 pentene-2-one, have been isolated and quantified. Their structures have been determined using mass, infra-red, and NMR spectrometry.
Isomères dans le filtre solaire 5(3, 3-dimethyl-2-norbornylidene)-3 pentene-2-one     

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Boehmite

The decomposition of boehmite, or alpha alumina monohydrate, was studied in water vapor and nitrogen atmospheres between 430° and 500°C. Powder samples used consisted of agglomerates of very small boehmite crystallites. The rate of decomposition was determined with a transducer which measured the loss of sample weight due to the liberation of gaseous water. A linear rate law is obeyed by the decomposition of boehmite and, because of the characteristics of the fractional weight loss-time curve, an interface model was suggested as the mechanism of decomposition. The activation energy was 70 kcal/mole. The effect of water vapor on the rate of decomposition was investigated. A simple forward-back reaction mechanism did not satisfactorily explain the data. Two models, either of which could be valid, were proposed to describe the relation between decomposition rate and water vapor pressure: (1) An adsorption-desorption process of water on the boehmite was assumed, and (2) an intermediate species of Al₂O₃ entering into the decomposition reaction was assumed.     

The Use of Non-aqueous Solvents in Dyeing

A polyester package dyeing system based upon water and 2-ethoxyethanol is described. The process is similar to and a natural development of the silicone—perchloroethylene system discussed in Part I [1]. It is a bicomponent homogeneous system. Water replaces silicone as the bulking medium or antisolvent and 2-ethoxyethanol replaces perchloroethylene as the dye solvent. Potentially it is a more versatile system than Dacsol, e.g. cotton-polyester fibre blends can be dyed. High yields result from a low 2-ethoxyethanol: fibre ratio. Existing disperse dyes in diluent-free or commercial forms are suitable. Water quality, however, is important.     

Final Stage Densification in Vacuum Hot-Pressing of Alumina

The kinetics of the final stage of densification of fine-grained aluminum oxide were studied by vacuum hot-pressing between 1150° and 1350°C and from 2000 to 6000 psi. The kinetics are consistent with the Nabarro-Herring diffusional creep model. The activation energy for the final stage densification is 115 kcal/mole which agrees with the activation energy for diffusion of aluminum ions. Densification takes place by particle rearrangement and by diffusional creep. The extent of densification in the initial stage depends on the amount of sliding, fragmentation, and plastic flow. The final stage of densification takes place by diffusional creep and is controlled by aluminum ion diffusion in aluminum oxide. It is shown that gases entrapped within pores of the hot-pressed compact will produce end-point porosities. A technique is described for removing adsorbed water when it is the source of the Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Basic Science Division and the Seventeenth Pacific Coast Regional Meetings of the American Ceramic Society, San Francisco, California, October 30, 1964.