Visual indication of mechanical damage using core-shell microcapsules

We report a new core-shell microcapsule system for the visual detection of mechanical damage. The core material, 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene, is a conjugated cyclic olefin and a precursor to intensely colored polyacetylene. A combination of poly(urea-formaldehyde) and polyurethane is required to effectively encapsulate the volatile core material. Increasing the outer shell wall thickness and including a core-side prepolymer improves the thermal stability and free-flowing nature of these capsules, which tend to leach and rupture with thinner shell walls. Capsules ruptured in the presence of the Grubbs-Love ruthenium catalyst show immediate color change from nearly colorless to red-orange and dark purple over time, and color change in thin films resulted from scratch damage.     

Multiple-wavelength focusing of surface plasmons with a nonperiodic nanoslit coupler

A novel type of multiple-wavelength focusing plasmonic coupler based on a nonperiodic nanoslit array is designed and experimentally demonstrated. An array of nanoslits patterned on a thin metal film is used to couple free-space light into surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and simultaneously focus different-wavelength SPPs into arbitrary predefined locations in the two-dimensional plane. We design and fabricate a compact triplexer on a glass substrate with an integrated silicon photodetector. The photocurrent spectra demonstrate that the incident light is effectively coupled to SPPs and routed into three different focal spots depending on the wavelength. The proposed scheme provides a simple method of building wavelength-division multiplexing and spectral filtering elements, integrated with other plasmonic and optoelectronic devices.     

Evaluation of molecular typing methods for Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle, food, and humans

Escherichia coli O157:H7, a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, has been the causative agent of many cases of severe, often life-threatening foodborne illness. Because of the importance of E. coli O157:H7 to public health, many molecular typing methods have been developed to determine its transmission routes and source of infection during epidemiological investigations. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is currently used by public health organizations to track infections of E. coli O157:H7 and other foodborne pathogens. In this study, we compared the ability of PFGE, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and repetitive-element PCR (Rep-PCR) to distinguish among 92 E. coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle, food, and infected humans. Several virulence genes, including the intimin gene (eaeA), the hemolysin gene (hlyA), and the H7 fimbrial gene (fliC), and a housekeeping gene for beta-glucuronidase (uidA) were included in MLST. Rep-PCR reactions were performed using a commercially available typing kit (Bacterial Barcodes Inc., Houston, Tex.) with the provided Uprime-RI primer set. Results of the study indicated that PFGE provided the most discrimination among the techniques, identifying 72 distinct PFGE profiles for the isolates; Rep-PCR elucidated 14 different profiles, whereas MLST generated five profiles. Additionally, there did not appear to be any correlation among the typing methods examined in this study. Therefore, to date, PFGE remains the technique of choice for molecular subtyping of E. coli O157:H7.     

Conditioned medium increases the polyploid cell composition of bovine somatic cell nuclear-transferred blastocysts

The effects of bovine cumulus cell-conditioned medium on cloned bovine embryonic development and subsequent chromosome complement were examined using an air-dry procedure. Conditioned media were prepared using CR1aa supplemented with either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Nuclear-transferred embryos were reconstructed with nuclei from cumulus cells. Similar cleavage, morula, and blastocyst development was observed in conditioned media groups compared with the co-culture group. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the composition of blastocyst chromosomes after co-culture in different media, either with or without starvation of donor cells. The overall diploid blastocyst rate ranged from 75% to 84%. Chromosomal complement of blastocysts, however, was very different between conditioned medium and co-culture treatments. Overall incidence of chromosomal anomalies was 40% in conditioned medium, which was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the co-culture group (20%). Moreover, a higher incidence (P < 0.05) of chromosomally abnormal blastocysts (41.5%) was observed after culture with FBS-containing conditioned medium than those cultured in BSA-containing conditioned medium (31.4%). No diploid improvement was observed after exchange of the culture system from conditioned medium to co-culture, or from co-culture to conditioned medium after the first 72 h of culture. The results of this study also indicated that the overall cell number was much lower (P < 0.01) in blastocysts with chromosomal abnormalities than those with a normal diploid state. We have concluded that medium conditioned with bovine cumulus cells increases the incidence of chromosomal anomalies in nuclear reconstructed embryos.     

Nanoporous artificial proboscis for probing minute amount of liquids

We describe a method of fabrication of nanoporous flexible probes which work as artificial proboscises. The challenge of making probes with fast absorption rates and good retention capacity was addressed theoretically and experimentally. This work shows that the probe should possess two levels of pore hierarchy: nanopores are needed to enhance the capillary action and micrometer pores are required to speed up fluid transport. The model of controlled fluid absorption was verified in experiments. We also demonstrated that the artificial proboscises can be remotely controlled by electric or magnetic fields. Using an artificial proboscis, one can approach a drop of hazardous liquid, absorb it and safely deliver it to an analytical device. With these materials, the paradigm of a stationary microfluidic platform can be shifted to the flexible structures that would allow one to pack multiple microfluidic sensors into a single fiber.     

PMBus--数字电源开放标准协议

近年来,许多相关的因素导致对数字电源管理的需求急剧上升。许多板卡设计人员已经转向开发中间总线电源结构,通过使用多个单板DC/DC转换器来产生不同硅器件所需要的多样化的电源要求。这导致一个很明显的结果就是在产品的设计、生产测试及日常使用的过程中,配置、控制及监控这些电源将变得更加的复杂。光是控制上电/下电时序就需要专门的可编程集成电路及大量的额外部件,更别说用于灵活的系统级控制和诊断所需要的配置或实时反馈设施。     

法国中央理工高等电力学院,萨克雷,法国

在一个私有化的时代,城市正面临着重大的挑战:对公共领域的投资越来越依赖私人资产.由于这种对集体协议的重组,建筑的作用往往局限于只注重形状和表面的视觉影响,而缺乏对新的教育、社会和公民层面的贡献.巴黎中央理工学院发起的新工程学校设计竞赛成为探索如何应对这一严峻挑战的绝佳机会.     

澳大利亚皮尔蒙特半岛情人港酒店

历史上,皮尔蒙特半岛曾是悉尼的工业港区.与世界各地的很多港口一样,多年来,皮尔蒙特港也经历了重大的城市更新.该地区保留了规模和形态各异的18和19世纪建筑,包括砂岩别墅、住宅露台、酒吧、码头和仓库,形成了城市独特的历史文脉.