A correlation between the reactivity and electrical resistivity of a series of cokes was determined using cokes prepared from blends of medium- and high-volatile coals. After correcting for the ash yield of the coke and the density of the resistivity specimen, a statistically significant relation between reactivity and resistivity was established. As the resistivity test requires much less time to perform than the reactivity test, it can be considered as an alternative approach to reactivity testing currently performed for quality control purposes. 相似文献
Various poly(arylsilane)s The poly(carbosilane)s prepared in this way are of higher molecular weight than when prepared by the Wurtz-type condensation route previously reported. TG shows 40–50% overll weight loss attained at 500–600°C. 相似文献
ABSTRACTUnderstanding the cut and chip (CC) effect in rubber is important for successful product development for tires used in off-road or poor road conditions and for other demanding applications of rubber. This research describes a laboratory testing method for characterising the CC fracture behaviour of rubber using a device that controls and records multiple applied loads and displacements during cyclic impact to the surface of a solid rubber specimen to mimic and quantify the CC damage experienced by tire tread compounds. To study the capabilities of the instrument, three model compounds were studied that are based on carbon black reinforced compounds of common elastomers used in tire treads: natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and butadiene rubber (BR). These polymers have well-established CC tendencies in field performance of tire treads, with NR exhibiting the best CC resistance followed by SBR and finally BR. The same trend was found with the rubber impact testing approach that allowed the CC behaviour to be quantified using a new physical parameter which is the CC propensity (P). The relative ranking for CC resistance for the three compounds followed the fatigue crack growth resistances of the materials but was exactly opposite to the ranking of DIN abrasion resistance. This provides evidence that CC damage from impact by mm-scale asperities and abrasion of rubber against μm-scale asperities exhibit distinct characteristics in rubber. 相似文献
Advanced oxidation processes are defined as those which involve the generation of hydroxyl radicals in sufficient quantity to affect water purification. The theoretical and (practical yield of OH from O3 at high pH, 03/H202, O3/UV and H2O2/UV systems is reviewed. New data is presented which illustrates the importance of direct photolysis in the O3/UV process, the effect of the H202:03 ratio in the O3/H2O2 process, and the impact of the low extinction coefficient of H2O2 in the H202/UV process. 相似文献
Summary We have successfully synthesized a new NLO chromophore based on 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4-nitrostilbene which contains bisphenol functionality for polycarbonate preparation. Chromophore-4 was used to make macrocyclic carbonate oligomers and the oligomers were converted to polycarbonate via ring-opening polymerization in solution. 相似文献
Gold particles supported on carbon and titania were explored as catalysts for oxidation of CO or glycerol by O2 at room temperature in liquid-phase water. Although Au/carbon catalysts were not active for vapor phase CO oxidation at room
temperature, a turnover frequency of 5 s−1 could be achieved with comparable CO concentration in aqueous solution containing 1 M NaOH. The turnover frequency on Au/carbon
was a strong function of pH, decreasing by about a factor of 50 when the pH decreased from 14 to 0.3. Evidently, a catalytic
oxidation route that was not available in the vapor phase is enabled by operation in the liquid water at high pH. Since Au/titania
is active for vapor phase CO oxidation, the role of water, and therefore hydroxyl concentration, is not as significant as
that for Au/carbon. Hydrogen peroxide is also produced during CO oxidation over Au in liquid water and increasing the hydroxyl
concentration enhances its formation rate. For glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid (C3) and glycolic acid (C2) with O2 (1–10 atm) at 308–333 K over supported Au particles, high pH is required for catalysis to occur. Similar to CO oxidation
in liquid water, H2O2 is also produced during glycerol oxidation at high pH. The formation of the C-C cleavage product glycolic acid is attributed
to peroxide in the reaction. 相似文献
In previous studies, asphaltenes and resins have been treated as two distinct fractions of a crude oil. The asphaltenes were assumed to be the only self‐associating fraction. However, there is evidence that resins also participate in this self‐association. In this study, molar masses of mixtures of asphaltenes and resins were measured with vapour pressure osmometry. Precipitation from the same mixtures dispersed in solutions of toluene and pentane were also measured. The data were modelled with previously developed self‐association and precipitation models. Model results with asphaltenes and resins characterized as a single distribution and as individual components are compared. The data and the modelling suggest that asphaltenes and resins are better characterized as a single distribution of self‐associating components. 相似文献