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排序方式: 共有838条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Machteld van den Broek Evelien Brederode Andrea Ramírez Leslie Kramers Muriel van der Kuip Ton Wildenborg Wim Turkenburg André Faaij 《Environmental Modelling & Software》2010,25(12):1754-1768
Large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage needs a dedicated infrastructure. Planning and designing of this infrastructure require incorporation of both temporal and spatial aspects. In this study, a toolbox has been developed that integrates ArcGIS, a geographical information system with spatial and routing functions, and MARKAL, an energy bottom-up model based on linear optimization. Application of this toolbox led to blueprints of a CO2 infrastructure in the Netherlands. The results show that in a scenario with 20% and 50% CO2 emissions reduction targets compared to their 1990 level in respectively 2020 and 2050, an infrastructure of around 600 km of CO2 trunklines may need to be built before 2020. Investment costs for the pipeline construction and the storage site development amount to around 720 m€ and 340 m€, respectively. The results also show the implication of policy choices such as allowing or prohibiting CO2 storage onshore on CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) and infrastructure development. This paper illustrates how the ArcGIS/MARKAL-based toolbox can provide insights into a CCS infrastructure development, and support policy makers by giving concrete blueprints over time with respect to scale, pipeline trajectories, and deployment of individual storage sites. 相似文献
72.
Cdric H. G. Neutel Jhana O. Hendrickx Wim Martinet Guido R. Y. De Meyer Pieter-Jan Guns 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
Background: Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic homeostatic process, crucial for cell survival. It has been shown that autophagy can modulate different cardiovascular pathologies, including vascular calcification (VCN). Objective: To assess how modulation of autophagy, either through induction or inhibition, affects vascular and valvular calcification and to determine the therapeutic applicability of inducing autophagy. Data sources: A systematic review of English language articles using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) and the Cochrane library. The search terms included autophagy, autolysosome, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy, lysosomal, calcification and calcinosis. Study characteristics: Thirty-seven articles were selected based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Thirty-three studies (89%) studied vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification of which 27 (82%) studies investigated autophagy and six (18%) studies lysosomal function in VCN. Four studies (11%) studied aortic valve calcification (AVCN). Thirty-four studies were published in the time period 2015–2020 (92%). Conclusion: There is compelling evidence that both autophagy and lysosomal function are critical regulators of VCN, which opens new perspectives for treatment strategies. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as the development of more selective pharmacological agents and standardization of methods to measure autophagic flux. 相似文献
73.
Wim Schuermans Hans Orlent Isabelle Desombere Patrick Descheemaeker Hans Van Vlierberghe Anja Geerts Xavier Verhelst Marijke Reynders Elizaveta Padalko 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
As different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes respond differently to initiated therapy, correct HCV genotyping is essential. A potential risk for misclassification of the intergenotypic HCV circulating recombinant form (CRF) 2k/1b strains exists, depending on the genotyping method used. The aim was to investigate the differences in HCV genotyping methods with regard to CRF 2k/1b and to gain insight in the prevalence of the CRF 2k/1b. Genotyping results by Versant HCV Genotype Assay were compared with nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) sequencing. In total, from November 2001 until March 2015, 3296 serum samples were analyzed by Versant HCV Genotype Assay. As misclassified CRF is harbored among HCV genotype 2, we further focused our search on 142 (4.3%) samples positive for HCV genotype 2. On 116 (81.7%) retrieved samples, the NS5B sequencing was performed. Twelve out of the 116 retrieved samples (10.3%) were classified as CRF 2k/1b by sequencing of the NS5B region. Ten of these 12 samples were originally misclassified as genotype 2a or 2c, while 2 of them were misclassified as genotype 2. Our results show that the current prevalence of CRF 2k/1b is underestimated. The importance of correct HCV genotyping is emphasized, considering the tailored choice of treatment regimen and overall prognosis. 相似文献
74.
75.
Silicon - Controlling pore structure, e.g. pore diameter, size and distribution of porous silicon (PS) is highly needed for technological applications such as microfluidic operation and filtration... 相似文献
76.
Cornelus F. van Nostrum Theo F.J. Veldhuis Gert W. Bos Wim E. Hennink 《Polymer》2004,45(20):6779-6787
This study shows that the degradation mechanism and kinetics of monodisperse oligo(lactic acid)s esterified with N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMAm) are strongly influenced by the nature of the chain end. Oligomers with free hydroxyl chain ends degraded predominantly by chain end scission via a backbiting mechanism with a pseudo first-order rate constant kbb=2.7 h−1 in aqueous buffer (37 °C, pH 7.2). Once the hydroxyl groups were protected by acetylation, random chain scission became the rate limiting step with kr=0.022 h−1 under the same conditions. Using these rate constants, the theoretical time-resolved degradation profile was calculated for every (intermediate) degradation product and corresponded very well with the experimental results. The rate of formation of HPMAm was independent of the chain length for the acetylated oligomers, while the hydroxyl terminated oligomers with an even number of lactic acid units formed HPMAm more rapidly than oligomers with an odd number of units. The possibility to fine-tune the degradation rate is relevant when applied as e.g. hydrogels for controlled release or tissue engineering materials. 相似文献
77.
对于有线电视运营商来说,为满足当今快速增长的语音和高速数据业务的需要.双向通信系统中的“上行”回传就显得尤为重要。最初的“广播”网中,回传通道只局限于对覆盖用户的状态监控和基本的机顶盒控制,随着时间的推进,情况逐步发生变化:先是受限机顶盒交互的QPSK调制,然后是DOCSIS 1.x的16QAM调制,再到DOCSIS2.0和DOCSIS3.0的64QAM调制。 相似文献
78.
Joris Degroote Antonio Souto-Iglesias Wim Van Paepegem Sebastiaan Annerel Peter Bruggeman Jan Vierendeels 《Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering》2010,199(33-36):2085-2098
Currently, the interaction between free surface flow and an elastic structure is simulated with monolithic codes which calculate the deformation of the structure and the liquid–gas flow simultaneously. In this work, this interaction is calculated in a partitioned way with a separate flow solver and a separate structural solver using the interface quasi-Newton algorithm with approximation for the inverse of the Jacobian from a least-squares model (IQN-ILS). The interaction between an elastic beam and a sloshing liquid in a rolling tank is calculated and the results agree well with experimental data. Subsequently, the impact of both a rigid cylinder and a flexible composite cylinder on a water surface is simulated to assess the effect of slamming on the components of certain wave-energy converters. The impact pressure on the bottom of the rigid cylinder is nearly twice as high as on the flexible cylinder, which emphasizes the need for fluid–structure interaction calculations in the design process of these wave-energy converters. For both the rolling tank simulations and the impact simulations, grid refinement is performed and the IQN-ILS algorithm requires the same number of iterations on each grid. The simulations on the coarse grid are also executed using Gauss-Seidel coupling iterations with Aitken relaxation which requires significantly more coupling iterations per time step. 相似文献
79.
Etienne Brauns Joost Helsen Wim Schiettecatte Inge Genné 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2008,10(2):189-201
The optimal use of process water becomes increasingly important since natural water resources are heavily solicited by a growing
economy. Two steps can be considered in the process water optimization. A first step is the inventory of the different process
streams in the process water network. Pure mathematical modeling of a dynamic water network is extremely complicated and expensive.
As an approximation, the use of a steady-state network node model within commercial software is accepted to set up a water
balance. Sophisticated software tools are available but common solver software may offer an alternative. A second step is
the water “pinch” which searches for an optimal use of process water by combining sources and sinks, taking into account contaminant
concentrations of process streams. Sophisticated pinch software can be applied but it is also possible to implement a simplified
combinatory approach. Such approach can be pragmatically programmed in e.g., Visual Basic. Such tool allows for a first evaluation
of the complex combinatory sources–sinks problem, enabling a low cost and easy-to-handle first interpretation of possible
water-reuse opportunities. This could stimulate a further enhanced analysis with more advanced software tools and therefore
promote a sustainable use of process water in the industrialized world. 相似文献
80.
Wim van Drongelen Hyong C Lee Mark Hereld Zheyan Chen Frank P Elsen Rick L Stevens 《IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering》2005,13(2):236-241
Brain electrical activity recorded during an epileptic seizure is frequently associated with rhythmic discharges in cortical networks. Current opinion in clinical neurophysiology is that strongly coupled networks and cellular bursting are prerequisites for the generation of epileptiform activity. Contrary to expectations, we found that weakly coupled cortical networks can create synchronized cellular activity and seizure-like bursting. Evaluation of a range of synaptic parameters in a detailed computational model revealed that seizure-like activity occurs when the excitatory synapses are weakened. Guided by this observation, we confirmed experimentally that, in mouse neocortical slices, a pharmacological reduction of excitatory synaptic transmission elicited sudden onset of repetitive network bursting. Our finding provides powerful evidence that onset of seizures can be associated with a reduction in synaptic transmission. These results open a new avenue to explore network synchrony and may ultimately lead to a rational approach to treatment of network pathology in epilepsy. 相似文献