A technique for extracting physiological parameters and therequired input function simultaneously from PET image measurements:theory and simulation study

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important tool for enabling quantification of human brain function. However, quantitative studies using tracer kinetic modeling require the measurement of the tracer time-activity curve in plasma (PTAC) as the model input function. It is widely believed that the insertion of arterial lines and the subsequent collection and processing of the biomedical signal sampled from the arterial blood are not compatible with the practice of clinical PET, as it is invasive and exposes personnel to the risks associated with the handling of patient blood and radiation dose. Therefore, it is of interest to develop practical noninvasive measurement techniques for tracer kinetic modeling with PET. In this paper, a technique is proposed to extract the input function together with the physiological parameters from the brain dynamic images alone. The identifiability of this method is tested rigorously by using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the proposed method is able to quantify all the required parameters by using the information obtained from two or more regions of interest (ROIs) with very different dynamics in the PET dynamic images. There is no significant improvement in parameter estimation for the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMRGlc) if there are more than three ROIs. The proposed method can provide very reliable estimation of LCMRGlc, which is our primary interest in this study     

Nonlinear analysis of a multi-cavity gyro-twystron

To preserve high gain, high efficiency and high power merits of gyroklystron, a gyro-twystron is designed using an electron beam with α(v_⊥/v_z) greater than unity. With a multi-cavity section of high gain, the length of the waveguide output section can be made shorter than the threshold length of the absolute instability without losing total system gain. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze a ka-band gyro- twystron consisting of three TE₁₁₁ mode cavities and an output section of a TE₁₁ mode waveguide. Stability study is performed to ensure the tube without self-excited oscillations. With α=1.5, the 3-dB linear and saturated gain bandwidth in excess of 2 % can be obtained by stagger tuning for an 80 kV, 3 A electron beam with 5 % axial velocity spread. The maximum saturated gain is more than 55 dB at 33 % efficiency. By tapering the magnetic field of the last 2 cm of the interaction region, the efficiency can be increased to 43 % without degrading the bandwidth, which corresponds to an output power of 103 kW.     

LDA端泵浦短腔Cr^4＋：YAG被动调Q Nd：YAG激光器

采用峰值功率600W的准连续（QCW）激光二极管阵列（LDA）端泵浦Nd:YAG晶体，其耦合装置为自制的微柱透镜阵列和透镜导管，使用Cr^4 :YAG可饱和吸收晶体作为Q开关，并选取长度较短的Nd:YAG晶体，从而使激光腔的长度缩短到11mm，实验研究了在较短的腔长条件下调Q输出多脉波形的时间、空间分布，采用平－平腔结构时，每次泵浦脉冲获得单脉冲输出，脉冲宽度＜4ns，能量4．5mJ。     

边界的快速跟踪算法和硬件实现

本文研究了一种快速跟踪二值图边界的方法，该方法采用２×２的跟踪窗口，能将连通区的所有边界（包括连通区内部空洞的边界）全提取出来，以图像方式和链码方式输出。为提高速度，在软件模拟成功后，我们更以硬件加以实现。用若干图像进行处理的结果表明，对于多数大小为５１２×５１２的复杂景物图像，由硬件提取一幅图中边界的时间在４０ｍｓ以内，符合电视帧速率的实时图像处理要求     

基于MOCCs的电流模式滤波器

本文提出了一种多输出电流传送器（ＭＯＣＣＳ）的改进ＣＭＯＳ实现，并以此对无源ＲＬＣ梯形网络进行模拟，获得一种新的电流模式滤波器结构，它们比用ＣＣⅡＳ实现的同类型滤波器节省一半有源器件。此外，还分析了ＭＯＣＣＳ的高频非理想特性及补偿方法，最后给出了截频为１ＭＨｚ、０．５ｄＢ波纹的五阶全极点低通滤波器和截频为２．４ＭＨｚ、０．１７３ｄＢ波纹的三阶椭圆滤波器实例，并经１．２μｍＣＭＯＳ工艺参数仿真证实     

低轨卫星移动通信中扩频S—ALOHA协议吞吐性能分析

由于扩频具有良好的抗多径干扰的能力，因此，在地面移动无线系统中被认为是一种较好的多址方式。但在低轨卫星移动系统中，其传播条件恶劣，各种因素对系统的吞吐性能的影响各不一样，本文分析了多径衰落，扩频增益，同步捕获等因素对吞吐性能的影响，得出了解析式，计算了数值曲线并进行了讨论     

基于树搜索的分形图像压缩编码

本文提出基于树搜索的分形图像压缩编码的新算法。该算法在恢复图像信噪比和主观质量较之全搜索算法略有损失的前提下，大大提高了分形图像编码的速度。     

舰用复杂光电系统可靠性的环境工程技术研究

针对舰用复杂光电系统，分析了海上自然环境及其影响，提出了耐环境设计的几种方法，主要有系统的热设计，系统的三防（防潮、防霉、防盐雾）设计，系统的抗振、抗辐射以及电磁兼容设计等。最后，探讨了环境试验的有关问题。     

高灵敏度的多波长多光束干涉仪

作者用多纵模He-Ne激光照明多光束Fabry-Perot或Fizeau干涉仪,在一个自由光谱范围内,形成与不同波长对应的子条纹,相邻条纹间的间隔代表的波长数依赖于He-Ne激光腔的光学长度npL与F-P腔长nd之比r=nd/npL.当r是整数时,不同波长对应的相邻干涉级次相互重叠,条纹间隔为λ/2且强度最大;当r是分数时,r=N/M,N,M为互质的整数,相邻条纹之间间隔为λ/2M.不难做到M=10,条纹间隔为K/20.由于多光束干涉条纹细而锐,有利于读数精度提高,可以测量λ/500的程差变化,不需内插就可以给出空间分布的足够信息.这对光学元件的高精度面形检验及低密度流场显示有实际的应用前景.给出了应用的若干例子.     

H型丝光沸石催化剂催化甲苯与叔丁醇的烷基化反应

针对合成对叔丁基甲苯传统工艺中存在的缺点,采用环境友好、可重复利用的H型丝光沸石催化剂(以下简称催化剂)进行了甲苯与叔丁醇的烷基化反应,并用X射线衍射和氨程序升温脱附等方法对不同焙烧温度下得到的催化剂的物相结构和酸性质进行了表征,研究了各种反应条件对催化剂的催化性能的影响。实验结果发现,在适宜的操作条件下,即催化剂的焙烧温度823K、反应温度180℃、反应时间3h、初始压力1.0MPa、原料与催化剂的质量比为8、叔丁醇与甲苯的摩尔比为4、溶剂环己烷与甲苯的摩尔比为5时,甲苯转化率达42.73%,叔丁基甲苯的选择性为96.30%,对叔丁基甲苯的选择性为80.37%。