Nature of the molecular heterogeneity of human leukocyte interferon

The existence of two components of human leukocyte interferon has been recently reported. In the present study, the nature of this molecular heterogeneity was explored by affinity chromatography on immobilized micro- and macroligands, ion-exchange chromatography, and molecular sieving. Chromatography on a series of alkyl-agarose adsorbents shows, for the first time, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of human leukocyte interferon. Additionally, the separation of two interferon components is achieved by use of the alkyl-agarose as well as by the omega-aminoalkyl-agarose adsorbents. Clear-cut separation of the two components was also achieved by chromatography on BSA-CH-Sepharose and on DEAE-Bio Gel A. An important feature of these separations is that they do not require the use of denaturing conditions. The molecular weights of the leukocyte interferon components, as determined on Sephadex G-75, are quite similar or identical, approximately 26,000. Thus, the molecular heterogeneity of human leukocyte interferon can be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the hydrophobicity and ionic properties of its two components.     

Comparative studies of social behavior in Callicebus and Saimiri: strength and specificity of attraction between male-female cagemates

The strength and specificity of attraction between male and female cagemates was compared in Saimiri and Callicebus, using paired-comparison and single-stimulus methods of testing. Results from both methods showed that the attraction to the cagemate was stronger and more specific in Callicebus than in Saimiri. Sex differences were more pronounced in Saimiri than in Callicebus. Squirrel monkey females were more strongly attracted to strangers than were males and they clearly preferred female strangers over male strangers or their male cagemates.     

一种新型压电式双向无阀微泵的研制

采用氧化、光刻、腐蚀、键合等MEMS技术,研制了一种硅基压电式双向无阀微泵,泵的外形尺寸为30×14×3 mm3,泵腔体体积约10 mm3.通过大量试验测试,得到了泵压、流量与工作频率、波形、电压幅值之间的关系.当工作电压为110 V、频率为40 Hz时,微泵的正向最大泵压为120 mm水柱,频率为50-90 Hz时,最大流量70μl/min;当频率为35 Hz时,微泵的反向最大泵压为70 mm水柱,最大流量56μl/min.     

基于长短时记忆神经网络（LSTM）的降雨径流模拟及预报

长短时记忆神经网络(LSTM)具有很强的时间序列关系拟合能力,非常适用于模拟及预报流域产汇流这一复杂的时间序列过程。基于LSTM针对不同预见期的径流预报分别建立了流域降雨径流模型,以探讨LSTM在水文预报当中的应用。模型采用流域降雨、气象及水文数据作为输入,不同预见期后的径流过程作为输出,率定期为14a,验证期为2a。结果显示,在预见期为0～2d时LSTM预报精度很高,在预见期为3d时预报精度较差,但仍优于新安江模型。隐藏层神经元数量作为神经网络复杂程度的代表既会影响模型预报精度,也会影响模型训练速度。而输入数据长度则仅会在预见期为0的条件下影响模型预报效果。     

Determinant in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 for efficient replication under cytokine-induced CD4(+) T-helper 1 (Th1)- and Th2-type conditions

Cytokines are potent stimuli for CD4(+)-T-cell differentiation. Among them, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-4 induce naive CD4(+) T cells to become T-helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 cells, respectively. In this study we found that macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains replicated more efficiently in IL-12-induced Th1-type cultures derived from normal CD4(+) T cells than did T-cell-line-tropic (T-tropic) strains. In contrast, T-tropic strains preferentially infected IL-4-induced Th2-type cultures derived from the same donor CD4(+) T cells. Additional studies using chimeric viruses demonstrated that the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120 was the principal determinant for efficiency of replication. Cell fusion analysis showed that cells expressing envelope protein from a T-tropic strain effectively fused with IL-4-induced Th2-type culture cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the level of CCR5 expression was higher on IL-12-induced Th1-type culture cells, whereas CXCR4 was highly expressed on IL-4-induced Th2-type culture cells, although a low level of CXCR4 expression was observed on IL-12-induced Th1-type culture cells. These results indicate that HIV-1 isolates exhibit differences in the ability to infect CD4(+)-T-cell subsets such as Th1 or Th2 cells and that this difference may partly correlate with the expression of particular chemokine receptors on these cells. The findings suggest that immunological conditions are one of the factors responsible for inducing selection of HIV-1 strains.     

Regions outside of the CAAX motif influence the specificity of prenylation of G protein gamma subunits

A family of GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) transduces signals across the plasma membrane from a large number of receptors to a smaller number of effectors. Recent studies indicate that a series of post-translational modifications are required for their association with the plasma membrane and for their function. In the case of the G protein gamma subunits, the post-translational modifications include the prenylation of a cysteine residue within a carboxyl-terminal CAAX motif. Although prenylation has been shown to involve the addition of either a C15 farnesyl or a C20 geranylgeranyl group to proteins, the structural requirements and functional consequences of adding different types of prenyl groups to various members of the gamma subunit family have not been examined. In the present study, we have employed the baculovirus expression system to study the structural requirements for attaching different types of prenyl groups to various members of the gamma subunit family. We show that the gamma 2 subunit is modified by a C20 geranylgeranyl group, consistent with the presence of a geranylgeranylation target sequence in this protein. However, we found that the gamma 1 and mutant gamma 2(Ser-71) subunits are modified by both C15 farnesyl and C20 geranylgeranyl groups, despite the presence of an accepted farnesylation target sequence in both of these proteins. Using chimeras of the gamma 1 and gamma 2 subunits, we provide evidence indicating that structural elements upstream of the carboxyl-terminal CAAX motif play a role in the recognition of members of the gamma subunit family by the appropriate insect and mammalian prenyltransferases.     

光学电流互感器的关键技术

通过对光学电流互感器(OCT)的2种主要类型磁光电流互感器(MOCT)和光纤电流互感器(FOCT)的原理介绍和详细分析,指出MOCT的光学传感头加工、测量受光功率波动的影响,分析了FOCT光纤器件的非理想偏振特性,以及光纤材料的Verdet常数的补偿等关键技术和存在问题.MOCT、FOCT共同存在小电流测量时信噪比较低的问题.     

10 kV混合配电线路载波信道特性测试与分析

配电线载波通信以其安装简便、投资小、运行免费等优点,逐步成为城市配电自动化通信的重要通信方式.近年来,10 kV配电线屏蔽层载波通信一直是研究的热点.然而受制于城市10 kV配电线路改造的进度,配电线路出现大量屏蔽层不完整、地埋电缆与架空线路相结合的混合线路.此类线路是否可以实现载波通信,也成为配电自动化通信建设的研究重点.文章选择2条典型的10 kV混合配电线路,对其电缆阻抗、噪声、传输衰耗特性进行测试与分析.测试结果表明,采用卡接式电感耦合方式的混合配电线路可以作为载波通信的媒介,为城市配电自动化通信建设提供有效的解决方案.