赖氨酸-葡萄糖美拉德反应产物对铜离子的螯合作用

美拉德反应产物(Maillard reactionp roducts,MRPs)具有抗氧化活性,特别是金属螯合作用。本文制备了一定条件下的赖氨酸-葡萄糖MRPs,采用零交一阶导数分光光度法研究了MRPs对铜离子的螯合作用,分析了螯合铜离子对MRPs抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,螯合铜离子使MRPs中具有紫外光吸收的小分子物质发生电子重排,不影响大分子黑素类物质的发色团结构;一些铜螯合位点对MRPs的还原能力和自由基清除能力有贡献。     

Fermentation characteristics and transit tolerance of Lactobacillus casei Zhang in reconstituted mare milk during storage

The fermentation characteristics of Lactobacillus casei Zhang in mare milk and transit tolerance during refrigerated storage for 28 days were evaluated. There were no dramatic changes in the viable counts of L. casei Zhang in the fermented mare milk samples during storage at various inoculation levels. L. casei Zhang showed good tolerance to the simulated transit juice and maintained high viability in mare milk (above 10⁸cfu/g) during storage. Our results showed that L. casei Zhang had good probiotic properties, and suggest that mare milk could serve as the vehicle for the delivery of L. casei Zhang.     

β-Galactosidase with transgalactosylation activity from Lactobacillus fermentum K4

The LacLM β-galactosidase of Lactobacillus fermentum K4 is encoded by 2 consecutive genes, lacL (large subunit) and lacM (small subunit), that share 17 overlapping nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this enzyme was closely related to other Lactobacillus β-galactosidases and provided significant insight into its common and distinct characteristics. We cloned both the lacL and lacM genes of L. fermentum K4 and heterologously expressed each in Escherichia coli, although the recombinant enzyme was only functional when both were expressed on the same plasmid. We evaluated the enzymatic properties of this species-specific LacLM β-galactosidase and discovered that it acts as both a hydrolase, bioconverting lactose into glucose and galactose, and a transgalactosylase, generating prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). The recombinant β-galactosidase showed a broad pH optimum and stability around neutral pH. The optimal temperature and Michaelis constant (K_m) for the substrates o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside and lactose were, respectively, 40°C and 45 to 50°C and 1.31 mM and 27 mM. The enzyme activity was stimulated by some cations such as Na⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺. In addition, activity was also enhanced by ethanol (15%, wt/vol). The transgalactosylation activity of L. fermentum K4 β-galactosidase effectively and rapidly generated GOS, up to 37% of the total sugars from the reaction. Collectively, our results suggested that the β-galactosidase from L. fermentum K4 could be exploited for the formation of GOS.     

The effect of inhibitors of platelet aggregation on the metabolism of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in washed rabbit platelets

The rabbit platelet metabolizes platelet-activating factor (PAF) intracellulary. PAF is deacetylated to produce lysoPAF which, in turn, can be acylated to produce 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (alkylacyl GPC). Some PAF receptor antagonists have been shown to inhibit this metabolic conversion. In the present study we examined whether the PAF receptor antagonists SRI 63-441 and WEB 2086 would inhibit the metabolism of PAF by intact rabbit platelets. In addition, we examined whether iloprost, a stable analogue of prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂), and a potent inhibitor of platelet activation induced by a range of agonists, would also inhibit PAF metabolism. We found that SRI 63-441 and WEB 2086 caused an almost complete inhibition of the conversion of PAF to alkylacyl GPC. Iloprost caused up to a 50% inhibition of PAF metabolism compared to antagonist-free controls. Iloprost (and PGI₂) is thought to inhibit platelet response by elevation of cAMP, while receptor antagonists act by blocking PAF binding to its receptor. Since iloprost caused partial inhibition of PAF metabolism, the results of this study suggest that inhibition of PAF metabolism does not occur solely due to competitive inhibition of PAF binding to its receptor. Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl Ether Lipids, Tokyo, Japan, May 1989.     

细胞剪切耐受性检测装置的设计、模拟及验证

针对动物细胞培养过程中流场作用力对其的制约作用,文中借助计算流体力学的方法设计了一种新型的微流道装置。在该装置内可以产生分布均一而恒定的流场剪切力,并且大小与装置内液体的流速密切相关;同时本次研究采用了微尺度的粒子图像测速技术(PIV)对实验结果进行了验证。结果表明数值模拟得到的流场结构与PIV拍摄得到的流场非常接近,具有很好的吻合性,建模及计算结果是准确可信的。     

顺丁烯二酸酐催化氧化合成酒石酸

以纳米TiO₂为载体,通过浸渍法制备得到负载型催化剂W/TiO₂,通过催化氧化顺丁烯二酸酐合成酒石酸,研究了催化剂的催化性能。考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比和催化剂用量等反应条件对氧化反应的影响。结果表明,反应温度70 ℃,反应时间6 h,掺杂钨质量分数为10％的W/TiO₂催化剂用量为顺丁烯二酸酐质量的4%和n（H₂O₂）∶n（顺丁烯二酸酐）＝3时,顺丁烯二酸酐转化率达90%。     

Study of Materials Deformation in Nanometric Cutting by Large-scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Nanometric cutting involves materials removal and deformation evolution in the surface at nanometer scale. At this length scale, atomistic simulation is a very useful tool to study the cutting process. In this study, large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the model size up to 10 millions atoms have been performed to study three-dimensional nanometric cutting of copper. The EAM potential and Morse potential are used, respectively, to compute the interaction between workpiece atoms and the interactions between workpiece atoms and tool atoms. The material behavior, surface and subsurface deformation, dislocation movement, and cutting forces during the cutting processes are studied. We show that the MD simulation model of nanometric cutting has to be large enough to eliminate the boundary effect. Moreover, the cutting speed and the cutting depth have to be considered in determining a suitable model size for the MD simulations. We have observed that the nanometric cutting process is accompanied with complex material deformation, dislocation formation, and movement. We find that as the cutting depth decreases, the tangential cutting force decreases faster than the normal cutting force. The simulation results reveal that as the cutting depth decreases, the specific cutting force increases, i.e., “size effect” exists in nanometric cutting.     

进气喷甲醇降低柴油机加速冒烟的研究

针对柴油机瞬态工况排放黑烟的现象,采用同步往进气道喷甲醇加以抑制的方法进行了研究.为此开发了一套根据发动机工况变化的甲醇喷射的电控系统.在一台高速非增压直喷柴油机上对进气喷甲醇和纯柴油的瞬态烟度排放两种情况进行了试验对比研究.结果表明,以城市公交车的起步加速和加载加速工况以及发动机高低转速下的增转矩瞬态工况为对象,进气喷甲醇的方法可以减少烟度排放达到50%以上,说明采用进气喷甲醇为柴油机解决冒黑烟问题提供了一种技术途径.     

两种送风方式下人体舒适性实验研究

采用实验室研究方法研究了侧送风与散流器送风两种送风方式对人体热舒适的影响,统计结果表明：侧送风与散流器送风下的中性温度分别为28.64℃和25.96℃,不满意率分别为4.34%和6.82%,根据热感觉投票值得出了两种送风方式下80%,90%满意率的温度范围,并与ASHRAE Standard 55-1992中夏季舒适区的温度进行了对比。