水热离子交换时间对铯离子改型白榴石的影响

为实现对白榴石热膨胀系数的有效调控,利用铯离子对白榴石粉体进行改型。将白榴石粉体在浓度为0.3 mol/L的硫酸铯溶液中进行水热离子交换处理。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对180 ℃下不同离子交换时间得到样品的物相和形貌进行了分析和观察。结果表明:铯离子进入白榴石晶格后,使部分白榴石转变生成了铯榴石,并且随着保温时间的延长,产物铯榴石晶体会逐渐由四方晶系过渡为立方晶系。当保温时间超过10 h时,两相间内应力增加会导致铯榴石从白榴石颗粒表面脱落,所以保温时间应该控制在2~10 h。利用JMA方程对合成铯榴石生长动力学过程进行拟合分析,从Avrami指数n小于0.5可知,整个反应主要由扩散控制。     

水解-水热体系中同质异构TiO2纳米晶生成机理的分子模拟研究

在实验研究的基础上,采用分子模拟的方法,对在水解-水热体系中TiO2纳米颗粒晶相生成原理进行了系统的模拟计算和建模研究,文章介绍了分子模拟软件Hyperchem的计算方法,建立了钛离子水解过程和能量分布模型,利用模拟计算和模型,直观和定量分析了水解中间产物、水热晶化过程以及最终产物间的关系。研究了pH值对同质异构相成因的影响机理;静电场作用对同质异构相生成的影响。考察了水合络离子的连接方式,指出顶角连接与棱边连接保持到最终产物的结构中。从能量的角度揭示了同质异构TiO2晶型成因。     

Investigation on the properties of a three‐component copolymer consisting of tris(allylphenoxy) triazine monomer and a diamine‐chain‐extension bismaleimide

A new type of modified bismaleimide resin was obtained by copolymerization between tris(allylphenoxy)triazine monomer (TAPT) and an aromatic diamine‐chain‐extension bismaleimide [e.g., 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DADPM)‐chain‐extension 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMDPM)]. The new three‐component‐polymer system had good processibility and mechanical properties. Better results were obtained when the weight ratio of TAPT to the DADPM‐chain‐extension BMDPM resin was 30%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 475–480, 2004     

九寨沟县乱水湾泥石流基本特征及防治思路

结合九寨沟县乱水湾泥石流工程地质条件,对九寨沟县乱水湾泥石流基本特征及防治工程进行分析研究。研究结果表明:"5.12"汶川地震之后,乱水湾泥石流流域内岩、土体的原始应力状态发生改变,地质结构受到破坏松弛,为泥石流形成提供了大量的物源条件;近年来,四川盆地极端天气频发,降雨具有强度大、持续时间长的特征,为泥石流形成提供了强大的水动力条件。2009年,"7.11"特大暴雨激发了乱水湾泥石流发生。针对九寨沟县乱水湾泥石流的特点,提出以"拦固"为主,辅以"排导"的思路。     

Formation of Polymeric Lewis Acid–Lewis Base Complexes with Well-defined Organoboron Polymers

The binding of Lewis bases to organoboron polymeric Lewis acids has been studied and the parameters that determine the complexation equilibrium have been investigated, which include (i) the strength of the individual Lewis acids and Lewis bases, (ii) concentration, and (iii) temperature. While the strongly Lewis acidic borane polymers poly(4-bis(pentafluorophenyl)borylstyrene) (PS-BPf) and poly(4-(di-2-thienylboryl)styrene) (PS-BTh) form isolable complexes with strong Lewis bases such as 4-t-butylpyridine (^tPy), a temperature dependent equilibrium is established with weaker bases such as THF. Similarly, the weakly Lewis acidic boronate polymer poly(4-diethoxyborylstyrene) (PS-BOEt) undergoes a temperature dependent equilibrium with the strong Lewis base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), while poly(4-pinacolatoborylstyrene) (PS-BPin) does not significantly bind to pyridine bases. Decomplexation of PS-BTh· ^t Py is achieved by treatment with the stronger Lewis acid, B(C₆F₅)₃, thereby confirming the reversible nature of the polymeric Lewis acid–base adducts. This paper is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners in gratitude of his guidance throughout the years and recognition of his scientific accomplishments     

Finite horizon optimal control of non-linear discrete-time switched systems using adaptive dynamic programming with ε-error bound

In this paper, we aim to solve the finite-horizon optimal control problem for a class of non-linear discrete-time switched systems using adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) algorithm. A new ε-optimal control scheme based on the iterative ADP algorithm is presented which makes the value function converge iteratively to the greatest lower bound of all value function indices within an error according to ε within finite time. Two neural networks are used as parametric structures to implement the iterative ADP algorithm with ε-error bound, which aim at approximating the value function and the control policy, respectively. And then, the optimal control policy is obtained. Finally, a simulation example is included to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

Sterol metabolism in the opportunistic pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pneumocystis</Emphasis>: Advances and new insights

Pneumocystis can transiently colonize healthy individuals without causing adverse symptoms, and most people test positive for exposure to this organism early in life. However, it can cause Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) in people with impaired immune systems and is a major cause of death in HIV/AIDS. Although it has close affinities to the Ascomycetes, Pneumocystis has features unlike those of any single group of fungi. For example, Pneumocystis does not synthesize ergosterol, which is consistent with the inefficacy of amphotericin B and some triazoles in clearing PcP. Pneumocystis sterols include distinct Δ⁷ 24-alkylsterols. Metabolic radiolabeling experiments demonstrated that P. carinii synthesizes sterols de novo. Cholesterol is the most abundant sterol in Pneumocystis; most, if not all, is scavenged from the mammalian host lung by the pathogen. The P. carinii erg7, erg6, and erg11 genes have been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in heterologous systems. The recombinant P. carinii S-adenosyl-l-methionine:C-24 sterol methyl transferase (SAM:SMT) has a preference for lanosterol over zymosterol as substrate, and the enzyme can catalyze the transfer of either one or two methyl groups to the C-24 position of the sterol side chain. Two different sterol compositions were detected among human-derived P. jirovecii; one was dominated by C₂₈ and C₂₉ sterols, and the other had high proportions of higher molecular mass components, notably the C₃₂ sterol pneumocysterol. The latter phenotype apparently represents organisms blocked at 14α-demethylation of the sterol nucleus. These studies suggest that SAM:SMT is an attractive drug target for developing new chemotherapy for PcP.     

福莫司汀的合成

以亚磷酸三乙酯为起始原料．经酰化、缩合、还原、酰化、亚硝化反应，合成了福莫司汀，结构经核磁共振氢谱、经红外确证，总收率32．8％。     

不同因素对浸入式水口预热温度场的影响

运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的FLO TRANCFD模块对浸入式水口在抽风式预热烘烤方式下的瞬态传热过程及影响水口预热温度场的各种因素进行了研究 ,得到了该烘烤方式下水口预热后的温度场分布和水口的升温曲线。研究结果表明 :影响水口预热温度的最主要因素是抽风流量和烘烤箱的几何尺寸 ;适当提高抽风流量、减小烘烤箱的几何尺寸可以大大提高水口颈部的预热温度 ,从而降低浸入式水口的事故率     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers

Poly(L‐lactide)‐poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers with predetermined block lengths were synthesized by polycondensation of PLA diols and PEG diacids. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the coupling agent and dimethylaminopyridine as the catalyst. The resulting copolymers were characterized by various analytical techniques, such as GPC, viscometry, ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, X‐ray diffractometry, and contact angle measurement. The results indicated that these copolymers presented outstanding properties pertinent to biomedical use, including better miscibility between the two components, low crystallinity, and hydrophilicity. Moreover, the properties of the copolymers can be modulated by adjusting the block length of the two components or the reaction conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1729–1736, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10580