卡尔曼滤波算法在MEMS热式风速风向传感器中的应用

针对MEMS热式风速风向传感器在实际使用过程中因噪声问题导致输出不稳定的现象,本文首次采用了卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波算法对本征白噪声进行滤波处理,从而优化传感器的输出性能.本文分别通过理论分析和仿真模拟证明了Kalman滤波算法的可行性.实验结果表明,通过调节相关参数,Kalman滤波算法在滤波效果、响应速度及误差上均优于传统的加权滑动均值滤波算法.除此之外,在消耗较少资源的前提下,Kalman滤波算法可以有效减少本征白噪声的干扰,且调节空间较大,可以适应不同的应用需求.     

新工科背景下应用型本科专业建设的研究与实践

文章针对新工科背景下应用型本科高校学生培养方面的缺失,采用产教城深度融合的形式,从专业人才培养目标、专业课程体系和课程教学设计三个方面开展了相应研究与实践,提出了以学生的实践能力为目标的人才培养方案、以学生的学习成果为中心的课程体系以及以激发学生的学习内驱力为方式的课程教学方式,从而达到培养具有扎实专业知识和交叉学科知识、自主学习能力和团队协作能力的复合型创新型工程技术人才.     

基于多重差异特征网络的街景变化检测

街景变化检测对于自然灾害破坏和城市发展变化的研究起着重要作用.其主要目标是将成对的输入图片中变化的区域标注出来,其实质是二分类的语义分割问题.不同时间拍摄的街景图片可能受到如光线、天气、背景噪声、视角误差等诸多干扰因素的影响,这给传统的变化检测方法带来挑战.针对该问题,提出了一种新的神经网络模型(Multiple Difference Features Network,MDFNet).该模型首先使用孪生网络提取成对输入图片的不同深度特征,并使用差异模块对相同深度特征计算差异,以此有效获得不同尺度的变化信息;然后通过JPU模块融合多重差异特征,在不损失细节信息的情况下提取其深层语义信息;最后使用金字塔池化模块结合全局和局部信息生成二分类的变化检测图像.在PCD数据集上的GSV和TSUNAMI部分分别采用5折交叉验证法对模型进行实验,实验结果表明,MDFNet获得了0.787和0.862的F-score,相比排名第二的DOF-CDNet方法,其值提高了约11.9％和2.9％,同时其能够更精准地分割变化细节.因此,所提模型可以有效应对干扰,对于复杂场景也具备优秀的检测能力.     

物流中心选址问题的二元语义决策方法

为了有效避免语言评价中信息的损失和扭曲,从而提高物流中心选址的准确性,在层次分析法中引入三角模糊数,将各评价指标量化,提出一种二元语义决策选址方法.给出二元语义评价的方法与步骤,并通过物流中心选址的算例分析说明该方法的合理性.     

基于GrabCut和HSV彩色空间的三七叶片病斑图像分割

针对三七叶部病斑图像中存在背景与病斑颜色相近和阳光照射下存在影子的情况导致对图像病斑分割精度不高、效果差的问题,提出一种基于GrabCut和HSV彩色空间模型的分割方法.通过GrabCut算法实现对复杂背景以及阳光照射下的影子与待分割三七叶片的分离.保留第一次分割结果的基础上,在HSV彩色空间下提出一种颜色距离的定义.根据定义的颜色距离,在使用颜色信息的同时结合空间信息,得到病斑的分割边界.实验表明,当色调分量因子k1和饱和度分量因子k2分别取0.1和0.05时得到的分割边缘效果较好.     

基于不完全信道信息的D2D功率分配算法

针对蜂窝与终端直通(Device-to-device,D2D)混合网络中的不完全信道状态信息(Channel state information,CSI),提出了一种基于不完全CSI的最优功率分配算法。利用拉格朗日乘数法推导出了最优功率分配解的闭式表达式。相对于传统的最大发送功率分配方案,该最优解受信道信息误差的影响较小,具有较好的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,本文算法可以节约发送功率,并得到更大的接收信噪比。     

Influence of static pre-loading on the dynamic bending strength of concrete with particle element modeling

Experimental tests show that static pre-loading has a significant effect on the dynamic strength of concrete.Based on meso-scale particle element model,numerical simulations of dynamic bending tests with pre-loading are performed.Complete stress–strain relationships are then obtained.Significant increase in dynamic strength is found when the pre-loadings are imposed within the elastic limit of concrete.However,when the imposition of pre-loadings reaches the plastic or softening range,dynamic strengths may gradually decrease along with the increase in pre-loadings.The distribution of energy components and the failure modes are discussed to explain the mechanisms of the phenomena.     

Non-Fourier heat conduction in a thin gold film heated by an ultra-fast-laser

Based on the dual-phase-lagging(DPL)heat conduction model,the Cattaneo-Vernotte(CV)model and the improved CV model we investigate the one-dimensional heat conduction in gold films with nano-scale thickness exposed to an ultra-fast laser heating.The influence of system parameters on the temperature field is explored.We find that for all the non-Fourier heat conduction models considered in this work,a larger Knudsen number normally leads to a higher temperature.For the DPL model,the large ratio of the phase lag of temperature gradient to the phase lag of heat flux reduces the maximum temperature and shortens the time for the system to reach its steady state.The CV model and the improved CV model lead to the similar thermal wave behavior of the temperature field,but the thermal wave speeds for these two models are different,especially for large Knudsen numbers.When the phase lag of temperature gradient is smaller,the difference between the DPL model and the improved CV model is not significant,but for the large phase lag of temperature gradient the difference becomes quite significant,especially for the large Knudsen number.In addition,the effect of the surface accommodation coefficient,which is a parameter in the slip boundary condition,on the temperature field of the gold film heated by ultra-fast laser pulses is investigated based on the DPL model.     

论土家织锦对巴楚文化的精神继承

土家织锦是身处巴楚文化长期融合与发酵区域的土家人对大自然和生活的一种艺术理解,反映了土家人生产生活的一种精神特质,更是体现了土家织锦对巴楚文化的精神继承。本文从西兰卡普的巴楚文化历史溯源出发,立足于史料记载和巴楚文化特征,通过西兰卡普中体现出的热烈奔放的浪漫风格、朴拙的审美情趣、兼容并蓄、果敢创新等文化精神内涵来分析与巴楚文化精神之间存在的共通性。     

Effects of coagulation bath temperature on structure and performance of poly （vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.