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851.
Irreversible membrane fouling during ultrafiltration of surface water 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
For more efficient use of membranes, the control of irreversible membrane fouling, which can be defined as fouling requiring chemical reagents to be mitigated, is of importance. In this study, irreversible fouling caused by constituents in surface water was investigated, based on a long-term pilot scale study. The membrane employed was a low-pressure hydrophobic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane made of polysulfone and having a molecular weight cutoff of 750,000 Da. Various chemical reagents were examined to overcome the irreversible fouling that had developed through 5 months of continuous filtration. Among the tested cleaning reagents, alkaline (NaOH) and oxidizing reagent (NaClO) showed good performance in the restoration of membrane permeability, which implied that organic matter played an important role in the development of the irreversible fouling in this study. Chemical analysis, adsorptive fractionation methods, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourie-transformed infra-red (FTIR) spectra analysis were applied to elucidate which fraction of organic matter caused the irreversible fouling. All of the analysis indicated that polysaccharide-like organic matter was responsible for the evolution of the irreversible fouling. In addition to organic matter, presumably iron and manganese also contributed to the irreversible fouling to some extent. 相似文献
852.
Mohammad Ibtehaz Alam Megumi Mae Fatima Farhana Masayuki Oohira Yasunori Yamashita Yukio Ozaki Eiko Sakai Atsutoshi Yoshimura 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(11)
In inflammatory bone diseases such as periodontitis, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome accelerates bone resorption by promoting proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β production. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in physiological bone remodeling remains unclear. Here, we investigated its role in osteoclastogenesis in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial component. When bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in the presence of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, osteoclast formation was promoted in the absence of LPS but attenuated in its presence. BMMs treated with RANKL and LPS produced IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited osteoclastogenesis, indicating IL-1β involvement. BMMs treated with RANKL alone produced no IL-1β but increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A ROS inhibitor suppressed apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-1 recruitment domain (ASC) speck formation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors abrogated cytotoxicity in BMMs treated with RANKL, indicating that RANKL induces pyroptotic cell death in BMMs by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome via ROS. This suggests that the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes osteoclastogenesis via IL-1β production under infectious conditions, but suppresses osteoclastogenesis by inducing pyroptosis in osteoclast precursors under physiological conditions. 相似文献
853.
854.
Kentaro Yamada Tomoaki Takata Takuji Iyama Shintaro Hamada Yukari Mae Takaaki Sugihara Hajime Isomoto 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)
A clear identification of the etiology of glomerular disease is essential in patients with diabetes. Renal biopsy is the gold standard for assessing the underlying nephrotic pathology; however, it has the risk for potential complications. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of urinary fluorescence imaging using an enzyme-activatable probe for differentiating diabetic kidney disease and the other glomerular diseases. Hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (HMRG)-based fluorescent probes targeting gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP) were used. Urinary fluorescence was compared between groups which were classified by their histopathological diagnoses (diabetic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, and nephrosclerosis) as obtained by ultrasound-guided renal biopsy. Urinary fluorescence was significantly stronger in patients with diabetic kidney disease compared to those with glomerulonephritis/nephrosclerosis after DPP-HMRG, whereas it was stronger in patients with nephrosclerosis than in patients with glomerulonephritis after GGT-HMRG. Subgroup analyses of the fluorescence performed for patients with diabetes showed consistent results. Urinary fluorescence imaging using enzyme-activatable fluorescence probes thus represents a potential noninvasive assessment technique for kidney diseases in patients with diabetes. 相似文献
855.
Making 2D Map of Environments Based upon Routes Scenes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper proposes a method for making a map of large scale environment based upon route scenes, assuming that the topological relation of routes at intersections is known. A panoramic representation is used for describing route scenes, and the number of routes connecting at an intersection is assumed to be known. The idea is to decompose a 2D graph into a number of closed loops. By detecting the closed loops and storing the relation among them, we can describe the 2D map based upon route scenes. A robot can obtain a closed loop by taking the same turn (leftmost for example) at every intersection when it moves along routes. According to the information on routes at intersections, the robot can select unmoved routes for finding new closed loops. By fusing new closed loops with found ones, the robot can, further, build the map of environments. The effectiveness of our method are shown by experiment in a real-world environment. 相似文献
856.
The great success of the i‐mode service shows that data communication services are becoming accepted in the mobile communication world. Multimedia mobile communication services will be provided by 3rd generation IMT‐2000 systems next year in Japan. Thus, the time has come to begin the research and development for 4th generation (4G) mobile communication systems. There exist many difficult issues for 4G systems, such as frequency resources, additional investment, higher speed wireless transmission technology and so on. Furthermore, a new concept must be discussed for 4G before solving these issues. This paper briefly presents current conditions of cellular systems and the development of IMT‐2000 in Japan. The concept and problems of the 4G system are then described along with new technologies that will be useful in solving technical problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
857.
Dr. Tatsuya Ikenoue Dr. Miki Oono Dr. Masatomo So Dr. Hodaka Yamakado Prof. Toshiaki Arata Prof. Ryosuke Takahashi Prof. Yasushi Kawata Prof. Hiroaki Suga 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2023,24(12):e202300320
There is considerable interest in drug discovery targeting the aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) since this molecular process is closely associated with Parkinson's disease. However, inhibiting αSyn aggregation remains a major challenge because of its highly dynamic nature which makes it difficult to form a stable binding complex with a drug molecule. Here, by exploiting Random non-standard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) system, we identified a macrocyclic peptide, BD1, that could interact with immobilized αSyn and inhibit the formation of fibrils. Furthermore, improving the solubility of BD1 suppresses the co-aggregation with αSyn fibrils while it kinetically inhibits more effectively without change in their morphology. We also revealed the molecular mechanism of kinetic inhibition, where peptides bind to fibril ends of αSyn, thereby preventing further growth of fibrils. These results suggest that our approach for generating non-standard macrocyclic peptides is a promising approach for developing potential therapeutics against neurodegeneration. 相似文献
858.
Sangdong Kim Jae-Min Kim Jongwon Choi Myungsun Sim Yasushi Koishikawa Yong-Suk Cho Sungjun Kim Seung-Yeon Kwak Aram Jeon Ohyun Kwon Duck-Hyung Lee Jun Yeob Lee Byungki Choi 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(48):2214233
The horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment of the phosphorescent emitters is understood to be an important factor to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of organic light-emitting diodes by improving light out-coupling in optical microcavity structures. Here, red-emitting heteroleptic iridium (III) complexes exhibiting an extremely high horizontal ratio of emitting dipole orientation (EDO) and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), as well as longer device operational lifetime, without scarifying any other photophysical properties are reported. The systematic molecular design of main and ancillary ligands in heteroleptic iridium complexes leads to the achievement of both a horizontal EDO of 92% and a PLQY of 98% in the red-emitting phosphorescent devices along with a shorter exciton decay time of 0.71 µs. Accordingly, the red-emitting devices show excellent performances of maximum EQE of 32% and low-efficiency roll-off with the 1931 Commission Internationale de L′Eclariage coordinates of (0.66, 0.34). Therefore, this approach opens the way for further development of new red-emitting iridium complexes pushing the device efficiency toward the theoretical limits. 相似文献
859.
Wanlu Xiao Dr. Yasuharu Satoh Dr. Yasushi Ogasawara Prof. Dr. Tohru Dairi 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2022,23(12):e202100705
Salinipeptins belong to the type-A linaridin class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) comprising 22 amino acid residues with multiple D -amino acids. Although chirality of other type-A linaridins, such as grisemycin and cypemycin, has not been reported, the biosynthetic gene clusters of type-A linaridins have identical gene organization. Here, we report heterologous expression of grisemycin biosynthetic gene cluster (grm) and show that grisemycin contains multiple D -amino acids, similar to salinipeptins. The heterologous expression experiments also confirm the involvement of a novel peptide epimerase in grisemycin biosynthesis. Gene-deletion experiments indicate that grmL, a single gene with unknown function, is indispensable for grisemycin production. We also show that the presence of D -amino acids is likely a common feature of linaridin natural products by analyzing two other type-A linaridin clusters. 相似文献