气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜中65种除草剂的残留量

目的 建立蔬菜中65种不同类别除草剂的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法.方法 样品用乙腈超声提取后,经Carb/NH2柱净化,采用GC-MS检测,以基质匹配的标准校正曲线外标法定量.结果 除卞草唑的线性范围为20～1 000 μg/L,其他64种除草剂在10～1 000 μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998;各农药的方法检出限为0.02 ～2.2 μg/kg,定量限为0.1～ 7.4 μg/kg;以空白蔬菜样品(选取油菜为代表性基质)进行加标水平为5、10和20 μg/kg的加标回收试验,除扑草灭和乙氧苯草胺的回收率在41.1％ ～59.4％之间外,各除草剂的回收率均在60.9％～117.9％之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于14.0％.对9份蔬菜样品(包括土豆、油菜、白菜、菠菜)进行检测,1份样品(白菜)检出氟乐灵,其含量为2.0 μg/kg.结论 该检测方法快速、简便、准确,适用于蔬菜样品中除草剂类农药残留的检测.     

啤酒中戊聚糖的测定——地衣酚-盐酸法

研究了地衣酚 盐酸法测定啤酒及麦汁中的戊聚糖 ,探讨了实验条件 ,建立了以双波长吸光度差值的方法测定啤酒和麦汁中的戊聚糖。当参加反应的 3 0mL的溶液中木糖的含量为 0～ 2 0 0 μg时 ,反应液吸光度的变化符合比摩尔定律 ,标样的回收率在 91 9%～ 10 6 9%之间。用此法测得的市售啤酒中戊聚糖含量在 90 6～ 2 12 1mg/L之间     

Pediococcus pentosaceus L and S Utilization in Fermentation and Storage of Mackerel Sausage

ABSTRACT During 72 h fermentation at 37 °C, rapid increase in lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), dramatic decline in pH and suppression in the growth of contaminating Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Enterobacteriaceae of mackerel minces with Pediococcus pentosaceus strains L and S were observed (p < 0.05). When the mackerel mince was processed into Chinese style sausage with 4% sucrose, no significant changes in pH, growth of LAB, Aerobic Plate Count, and Pseudomonas of the fermented mackerel sausage with Pediococcus pentosaceus strains L and S were obtained (p > 0.05) during 3 wk storage at 4 °C, however, the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus were effectively suppressed. The residual nitrite in sample decreased during processing and fermentation, and was minimally detected after 72 h fermentation. Suppression of VBN and psychrophilic microflora, and lowering residual nitrite suggest the potential of using these 2 strains in the fermented fish products.     

辅酶Q_(10)发酵生产的育种思路及发酵条件优化策略

辅酶Q10 是一种重要的生理功能性物质 ,利用微生物的代谢调控理论 ,系统地阐述了辅酶Q10 的工业发酵方法 ,育种思路 ,发酵过程的优化以及控制方法 ,为辅酶Q10 的发酵生产提供指导     

天然染料染色羊毛的色域拓展及颜色预测模型

天然染料色谱不全的缺陷限制了其在羊毛上的应用。为丰富天然染料染色羊毛纤维的颜色色谱,选用天然红、黄、蓝三原色染料染色羊毛织物与纤维,然后对羊毛织物的一浴法拼混染色和有色纤维的拼色进行研究,并基于Kubelka-Munk单常数理论和Stearns-Noechel模型分别对一浴法拼混染色织物和拼混有色纤维进行颜色预测。结果表明：使用一浴法拼混染色,染色后的羊毛织物在CIELAB色域空间中分布不均匀,倾向于红(+a^*),色相角(h)分布范围主要集中在0°～24°、324°～360°之间;经有色纤维拼混获得的颜色空间分布更加均匀,更倾向于黄(+b^*),色相角(h)分布范围集中在0°～50°、316°～360°区域;Kubelka-Munk模型和Stearns-Noechel模型可分别用于天然染料一浴法染色羊毛织物和羊毛有色纤维拼色的颜色预测,为进一步提高生产效率、降低配色成本提出新思路。     

加工工艺对绿茶关键呈香成分的影响

以龙井43茶树品种的一芽二叶鲜叶为原料,按照传统工艺分别加工成炒青、烘青、蒸青、晒青4类绿茶,继而采用搅拌棒吸附萃取结合气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱技术研究分析了加工工艺对绿茶关键呈香成分的影响。结果表明：从炒青绿茶、烘青绿茶、蒸青绿茶、晒青绿茶样品中分别鉴定出了31、27、25、30种关键呈香成分,均以表现出花香、果香、青气特征的香气化合物为主;其中13种香气成分是4类绿茶共有的关键呈香成分,包括β-紫罗酮、萘、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物I、香叶醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-庚酮、庚醛、己醛、乙酸叶醇酯、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、α-紫罗酮、苯乙醇。此外,研究表明,β-罗勒烯和(Z)-3-己烯基-α-甲基丁酸酯对炒青绿茶的香气品质有重要贡献,2-戊基呋喃、苯乙醛和α-松油醇对烘青绿茶的香气品质有重要贡献,而香叶基丙酮、γ-松油烯和α-柠檬醛对晒青绿茶的香气品质有重要贡献。研究结果有助于为揭示绿茶香气品质形成机理和研发绿茶香气品质定向加工调控技术提供参考依据。     

我国钾盐资源的现状和前景

我国钾盐资源紧缺 ,钾肥生产不足 ,要满足我国对钾盐日益增长的要求 ,必须从长远出发 ,拓宽我国找钾新思路 ,扩大找钾范围 ,充分发挥和利用全球钾资源来解决国内钾肥短缺的问题     

微波辅助提取葛根黄酮的工艺研究

以葛根为原料,乙醇为溶剂,采用微波辅助提取葛根总黄酮。考察了溶剂体积分数、固液比、提取时间、微波功率以及提取次数对提取液葛根总黄酮含量的影响。并在单因素试验的基础上,进行4因素3水平的中心组合试验,通过响应面分析优化确定葛根总黄酮的提取工艺。结果表明,在乙醇体积分数56%、固液比1∶25、提取时间31s、微波功率539W、提取次数为2次的条件下总黄酮含量最高,模型预测值可达7.26mg/g,实际验证值为7.32mg/g。     

食品营养强化是提高膳食营养水平的重要措施

根据我国人民的营养状态,阐述食品营养强化的重要性;分析了造成营养不良的主要原因及改善人民营养水平的具体措施,介绍了方便面的营养强化和用于面粉的复合营养强化剂。     

Transparent Photochromic Wood Composites Incorporating AgBr Nanoparticles for UV-shielding Applications

Transparent wood (TW) is a wood-based biomaterial with several advantages, such as high optical transmittance, low thermal conductivity, and tunable haze. TW is functionalized according to its transparency to broaden its applications in different fields. Several studies have examined wood functionalization in recent years; however, few studies have reported photochromic TW (PTW) for ultraviolet (UV) -shielding window applications. Herein, PTW was obtained by infiltrating the delignified wood template with photochromic silver bromide (AgBr) nanoparticles and a pre-polymerized methyl methacrylate (MMA) mixture solution. The obtained PTW can adjust the luminous flux on change in the color in the visible light region. The photochromic properties were examined, and the optical properties of the composites were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Light transmittance of PTW was up to 86.5% at 800 nm before UV irradiation, and it decreased to 70.1% at 800 nm after UV irradiation, as the wood color changed from colorless to dark purple under UV irradiation. Thus, this work not only achieves high-value utilization of wood, but also produces a new material that can be used in varied fields, such as UV-shielding, energy saving, and smart building.