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121.
Xiaoyan Pan Martin Wilson Carmel McConville Theodoros N. Arvanitis Risto A. Kauppinen Andrew C. Peet 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2012,25(6):479-485
Object
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cellular organelles; their accumulation is associated with several cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy detects resonances from lipids present in cytoplasmic (LDs); an understanding of the relationship between LD characteristics and NMR lipid signals is important.Materials and methods
In this study, five nervous system cancer cell lines were investigated. Nile red staining was used to measure the diameter of LDs. High-resolution magic angle spinning NMR (HR-MAS) was performed on harvested cell pellets to quantify the patterns of lipid signals.Results
LDs were present in all five cell lines with different morphology. An average LD diameter of approximately 0.2???m was found in all cell types. Diameter of the largest LDs varied across the cell lines. The intensity of NMR lipid signals varied greatly between cell types, and a good correlation was found between total volume of LDs and the proton NMR lipid signal intensity at 0.9 and 1.3?ppm.Conclusion
The correlation implied that little NMR signal is detected from LDs of diameters less than approximately 0.34???m, most likely due to restriction of rotational motion of the lipids. 相似文献122.
Macrophages in arterial walls accumulate lipids leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, mechanisms
underlying macrophage lipid accumulation and foam cell formation are often studied without accounting for risk factors such
as dyslipidemia. We investigated the effect of varying concentrations of triglyceride (TG) within physiological range on macrophage
fatty acid (FA) accumulation and expression of cholesterol efflux proteins. Human monocytes were cultured in media supplemented
with 10% sera containing low (0.7 mmol/L) to high (1.4 mmol/L) TG. The resulting macrophages were harvested after 10 days
for analysis of FA content and composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Exposure to higher TG and
lower HDL concentrations in media increased macrophage lipid content. Macrophages exposed to higher TG had increased total
FA content compared with controls (876 μg/mg protein vs. 652 μg/mg protein) and greater proportions of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2.
Macrophage expression of both ABCA1 and ABCG1 cholesterol efflux proteins were reduced when higher TG concentrations were
present in the media. Expression of scavenger receptor CD36, involved in lipoprotein uptake, was also downregulated in macrophages
exposed to higher TG. Culturing macrophages in conditions of higher versus lower TG influenced macrophage FA content and composition,
and levels of regulatory proteins. Replicating in vitro levels of dyslipidemia encountered in vivo may provide an informative
model for investigation of atherogenesis. 相似文献
123.
To assess the current risks to consumers from Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw chicken products sold in the Republic of Ireland, a retail survey was undertaken to define their prevalence. Samples (n = 510) were analyzed using protocols based on ISO 10272-1:2006 and ISO 6579:2002. Processor codes on pack labels showed that 67% of samples were produced in the Republic of Ireland and 25% in the United Kingdom. Salmonella was present in 5.1% of samples, but the eight serovars found caused less than 7% of human salmonellosis reported in the Republic of Ireland. The results suggest that on-farm controls to limit Salmonella infection of broilers have been successful and that in Ireland raw chicken is not a significant cause of salmonellosis in humans. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 84.3%. Isolation by the ISO method found 52.7% of samples to be positive, but overgrowth by contaminants was frequently evident. Therefore, in addition to enrichment, an homogenized sample was plated directly onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar, and this detected a further 31.6%. Speciation of isolates (n = 426) determined that 67% were Campylobacter jejuni and 32% were Campylobacter coli. These species are the most common cause of campylobacteriosis in man. The results indicate that there is a need for poultry producers to introduce interventions to minimize the exposure of consumers in the Republic of Ireland to Campylobacter spp., as has been successfully done for Salmonella. 相似文献
124.
Michael J. Ford Dinesh K. Patel Chengfeng Pan Sarah Bergbreiter Carmel Majidi 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2020,32(46):2002929
Soft composites that use droplets of gallium-based liquid metal (LM) as the dispersion phase have the potential for transformative impact in multifunctional material engineering. However, it is unclear whether percolation pathways of LM can support high electrical conductivity in a wide range of matrix materials. This issue is addressed through an approach to LM composite synthesis that focuses on the interrelated effects of matrix curing/solidification and droplet formation. The combined influence of LM concentration, particle size, and sedimentation is explored. By developing this approach, the functionalities that have been demonstrated with LM composites can be generalized to other matrix materials that impart additional functionality. Specifically, composites are synthesized using a biodegradable/reprocessable plastic (polycaprolactone), a hydrogel (poly(vinyl alcohol)), and a processable rubber (a styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene derivative) to demonstrate wide applicability. This method enables synthesis of composites: i) with high stretchability and negligible electromechanical coupling ( > 600% strain); ii) with Joule-heated healing and reprocessability; iii) with electrical and mechanical self-healing; and iv) that can be printed. This approach to controlled assembly represents a widely applicable technique for creating new classes of LM composites with unprecedented multifunctionality. 相似文献