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101.
Yoshio Oyumi Yoshiaki Mitarai Toshiyuki Anan 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》1993,18(4):195-200
Thermal decomposition and the burning properties of AMMO/HMX propellants have been investigated. The heat generated by the AMMO decomposition initiated and accelerated the thermal decomposition of HMX, and the reaction between decomposed AMMO and HMX depended upon the heating rate. The rate determining step of the reaction path was different in higher and lower heating rate conditions. 2,2-bis(ethylferrocenyl)propane (CFe) and copper chromite (CuC) significantly altered the mechanisms of the thermal decomposition and the burning properties. CFe showed an increase in burning rate with a slight increase in burning rate exponent. However, CuC yielded high values for the burning rate exponent. The combined additive yielded the highest burning rate with the lowest burning rate exponent. The influence of CuC on the burning rate exponent disappeared by the combination with CFe. Though CFe and the combination additive improved the ignitability of the propellants, the propellant with CuC was difficult to ignite because of the relatively small quantity of heat feedback and/or heat released by the decomposition. 相似文献
102.
Mina Han Ikue Abe Jihun Oh Jaehoon Jung Young Ji Son Jaegeun Noh Mitsuo Hara Takahiro Seki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(2)
Fluorescent molecular assembly systems provide an exciting platform for creating stimuli-responsive nano- and microstructured materials with optical, electronic, and sensing functions. To understand the relationship between (i) the plausible molecular structures preferentially adopted depending on the solvent polarity (such as N,N-dimethylformamide [DMF], tetrahydrofuran [THF], and toluene), (ii) the resulting spectroscopic features, and (iii) self-assembled nano-, micro-, and macrostructures, we chose a sterically crowded triangular azo dye (3Bu) composed of a polar molecular core and three peripheral biphenyl wings. The chromophore changed the solution color from yellow to pink-red depending on the solvent polarity. In a yellow DMF solution, a considerable amount of the twisted azo form could be kept stable with the help of favorable intermolecular interactions with the solvent molecules. By varying the concentration of the DMF solution, the morphology of self-assembled structures was transformed from nanoparticles to micrometer-sized one-dimensional (1D) structures such as sticks and fibers. In a pink-red toluene solution, the periphery of the central ring became more planar. The resulting significant amount of the keto-hydrazone tautomer grew into micro- and millimeter-sized 1D structures. Interestingly, when THF-H2O (1:1) mixtures were stored at a low temperature, elongated fibers were stacked sideways and eventually developed into anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) sheets. Notably, subsequent exposure of visible-light-irradiated sphere samples to solvent vapor resulted in reversible fluorescence off↔on switching accompanied by morphological restoration. These findings suggest that rational selection of organic dyes, solvents, and light is important for developing reusable fluorescent materials. 相似文献
103.
Several hexaaluminate-related materials were prepared via hydrolysis of alkoxide and powder mixing method for high temperature combustion of CH4 and C3H8, in order to investigate the effect of the concentration of the fuels, O2 and H2O on NOx emission and combustion characteristics. Among the hexaaluminate catalysts, Sr0.8La0.2MnAl11O19− prepared by the alkoxide method exhibited the highest activity for methane combustion and low NOx emission capability. NOx emission at 1500 °C was increased linearly with O2 concentration, whereas water vapor addition decreased NOx emission in CH4 combustion over the Sr0.8La0.2MnAl11O19− catalyst. In the catalytic combustion of C3H8 over the Sr0.8La0.2MnAl11O19− catalyst, the amount of NOx emitted was raised in the temperature range between 1000 and 1500 °C when the C3H8 concentration increased from 1 to 2 vol.%. It was found that NOx emission in this temperature range was reduced effectively by adding water vapor. 相似文献
104.
Shouwen Chen Kangcheng Chen Xuan Zhang Ryousuke Hara Nobutaka Endo Mitsuru Higa Ken-ichi Okamoto Lianjun Wang 《Polymer》2013,54(1):236-245
Novel poly(2-(3-sulfo)benzoyl-1,4-phenylene)-block-poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers (PSP-b-PAESs) were successfully synthesized by Ni(0)-catalyzed copolymerization of 2,5-dichloro-3′-sulfo-benzophenone (DCSB) and chlorobenzophenone-endcapped oligo(arylene ether sulfone). Their physical property, morphology and polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) performance were investigated compared to those of the DCSB-based random copolymers and Nafion112. PSP-b-PAES with a measured ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.82 meq g?1, of which the hydrophilic/hydrophobic block lengths were evaluated as 17/8.4, showed the relatively small number of water molecules sorbed per sulfonic acid group (λ = 15) in water and the anisotropic membrane swelling with 2.4 times larger through-plane swelling than in-plane one, whereas it showed the almost isotropic proton conductivity. The PSP-b-PAES exhibited a microphase-separated structure composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains, whereas the random copolymers exhibited a homogenous morphology. The PSP-b-PAES had the larger proton conductivity than the random copolymer with an IEC of 2.01 meq g?1, especially under the low relative humidities. Even at a low humidification of 17% RH at 90 °C and 0.2 MPa, the PSP-b-PAES exhibited the high PEFC performance; namely, cell voltage of 0.69 V at load current density of 0.5 A cm?2 and maximum output of 0.73 W cm?2, which were much higher than those at 30% RH for the random copolymer (0.65 V and 0.51 W cm?2) and Nafion112 (0.70 V and 0.61 W cm?2). The PSP-b-PAES showed the fairly high durability of 750 h under PEFC operation at 90 °C in spite of the relatively low molecular weight. PSP-b-PAESs have the high potential as polymer electrolyte membrane for PEFC applications. 相似文献
105.
Masaki Honda Hakuto Kageyama Takashi Hibino Rungaroon Waditee‐Sirisattha Tetsuya Fukaya Yoshiaki Hayashi Motonobu Goto 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2020,122(3)
Z‐isomers of lycopene exhibit higher bioavailability and antioxidant capacity than those of the all‐E‐isomer. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly procedure for Z‐isomerization. The current methods for Z‐isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene use toxic chemicals such as organic solvents and catalysts. This study is aimed to develop a chemical‐free method for Z‐isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene in tomato powder by hot air and superheated steam heating. The Z‐isomerization reaction is promoted by heating above the melting point of lycopene. When heated with superheated steam, the thermal decomposition of lycopene is suppressed compared to that when heated with hot air. When tomato powder is heated at 240 °C for 5 min by superheated steam, the total Z‐isomer content and remaining lycopene are 69.0% and 90.7%, respectively, while with hot air heating, the total Z‐isomer content and remaining lycopene are 69.9% and 68.0%, respectively. These results indicate that the thermal Z‐isomerization of lycopene occurs in the molten state and heating in a low oxygen atmosphere suppresses the thermal decomposition of lycopene. Practical Applications: Tomato powder rich in lycopene Z‐isomers is an important ingredient for the food and animal feed industries. Since Z‐isomers of lycopene are more soluble in solvents including ethanol which is a low‐toxicity and environmentally friendly solvent, the efficiency of lycopene extraction with ethanol can be improved by using the Z‐isomer‐rich tomato powder as a raw material. The obtained Z‐isomer‐rich extract has a high added value because the Z‐isomers have higher bioavailability and antioxidant capacity than those of the all‐E‐isomer. In addition, since lycopene Z‐isomers exhibit higher accumulation efficiency and better color improvement in hen egg yolks than those of the all‐E‐isomer, Z‐isomer‐rich tomato powder is an effective animal feed. 相似文献
106.
K. Hara T. Horiguchi T. Kinoshita K. Sayama H. Arakawa 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2001,70(2)
We have studied the influence of electrolytes on the photovoltaic performance of mercurochrome-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells using LiI, LiBr, and tetraalkylammonium iodides as the electrolyte. Short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) and open-circuit photovoltage (Voc) depended strongly on the electrolyte. Jsc of 3.42 mA cm−2 and Voc of 0.52 V were obtained for the LiI electrolyte and Jsc of 2.10 mA cm−2 and Voc of 0.86 V were obtained for the Pr4NI electrolyte. This difference in photovoltaic performance was due to the change in the conduction band level of the TiO2 electrode. Large Voc of 0.99 V was obtained for the LiBr electrolyte due to the large energy gap between the conduction band level of TiO2 and the Br/Br2 redox potential. Solar cell performance also depended strongly on organic solvent, suggesting that the physical properties of solvents such as Li ion conductivity and donor number affect photovoltaic performance. 相似文献
107.
The characteristics of a rotating stall of an impeller and diffuser and the evolution of a vortex generated at the diffuser leading-edge (i.e., the leading-edge vortex (LEV)) in a centrifugal compressor were investigated by experiments and numerical analysis. The results of the experiments revealed that both the impeller and diffuser rotating stalls occurred at 55 and 25 Hz during off-design flow operation. For both, stall cells existed only on the shroud side of the flow passages, which is very close to the source location of the LEV. According to the CFD results, the LEV is made up of multiple vortices. The LEV is a combination of a separated vortex near the leading- edge and a longitudinal vortex generated by the extended tip-leakage flow from the impeller. Therefore, the LEV is generated by the accumulation of vorticity caused by the velocity gradient of the impeller discharge flow. In partial-flow operation, the spanwise extent and the position of the LEV origin are temporarily transmuted. The LEV develops with a drop in the velocity in the diffuser passage and forms a significant blockage within the diffuser passage. Therefore, the LEV may be regarded as being one of the causes of a diffuser stall in a centrifugal compressor. 相似文献
108.
Zhen-Yan Deng Yoshiaki Inagaki Jihong She Yoshihisa Tanaka Yu-Fu Liu Masao Sakamoto Tatsuki Ohji 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(2):462-465
Long crack R -curve of a porous Si3 N4 with aligned fibrous grains was investigated, using a chevron-notched beam technique. A crack was constrained to propagate normal to the grain alignment. The crack growth resistance of aligned porous Si3 N4 was much larger compared with that of dense Si3 N4 ceramics. Microstructure observations showed that pullouts of fibrous grains in aligned porous Si3 N4 markedly increased during crack propagation relative to those of dense Si3 N4 , due to the existence of pores. The efficient grain pullouts in porous Si3 N4 increased the bridging stress at the crack wake. 相似文献
109.
Preparation of intercalation compounds of graphite oxide 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshiaki Matsuo 《Carbon》2007,45(12):2462
110.
Tamotsu Tanaka Kouji Ikita Tetsuji Ashida Yoshiaki Motoyama Yasunori Yamaguchi Kiyoshi Satouchi 《Lipids》1996,31(11):1173-1178
The effects of growth temperature on the fatty acid compositions of the phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE), and total lipid (TL) fractions of the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans were investigated. A reduction in growth temperature from 25 to 15°C caused the proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n-3)
to increase from 23.6 to 32.5% in the PC, from 7.4 to 10.8% in the PE, and from 12.9 to 19.9% in the TL fractions. Conversely,
the levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20∶3n-6) and arachidonic acid (20∶4n-6) in these phospholipid fractions and the TL
fraction both decreased with decreasing growth temperature. Analysis of the positional distribution of fatty acids in the
PC fraction revealed that the change in the composition of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid was obvious in positionsn-2. Lowering the growth temperature induced an increase in the level of the diacyl subclass of PE from 58% at 25°C to 71%
at 15°C, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of the alkylacyl and alkenylacyl subclass of PE ofC. elegans. These changes observed in the phospholipids ofC. elegans might be one mechanism for adaptation to low temperature. Lipids 31, 1173–1178 (1996). 相似文献