一种直流微电网多光伏变换器新型功率分配策略

为了解决光伏单元在运行过程中因工作模式切换造成的母线电压波动问题,提出一种新型平滑切换控制策略。根据光伏电池的输出特性曲线,将输出功率对输出电流的微分作为控制变量。通过跟踪不同的dp/di指令值来实现光伏单元最大功率点跟踪模式、恒压下垂模式的控制以及两种模式间的平滑切换。在此基础上,针对多光伏变换器工作在恒压下垂控制时因线路阻抗差异造成功率分配精度较低的问题,提出一种基于二次调节的自适应下垂控制策略。此外,构建相邻光伏单元间的稀疏通信网络,并采用动态一致性算法实现相关平均信息的全局稳定收敛。仿真和实验结果表明,所提控制策略可以实现光伏单元工作模式切换过程平滑过渡和负荷功率的精确分配。     

基于证据权法的循化县积石镇地质灾害孕灾分区及孕灾因素简析

积石镇位于青海省循化县北部,黄河沿岸,是循化县的政治、经济和文化中心。由于镇内地形破碎、沟壑纵横,地质环境条件差,是泥石流、滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害的高发区。随着境内基础设施建设的快速发展,人类工程经济活动对地质环境的破坏日益加剧,地质灾害的潜在危害也愈发严重。前人研究主要集中在该区域地质灾害体的基本特征,对于区域地质灾害的孕灾因子和规律尚未进行详细分析。本文通过证据权法,结合野外调查选取了研究区的孕灾因子,并在ArcGIS软件平台的支持下,对研究区的孕灾地质条件进行了分区。通关研究分析区域内的高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、距断层距离、距河流距离、距公路距离、工程地质岩组共8个孕灾因子,进而总结出研究区的地质灾害孕灾规律。本研究可有效预防和减轻地质灾害对人民生命财产的危害,为积石镇的城镇规划和合理开发利用提供重要的基础依据。     

A rapid-detection method for radioactive cesium in the air

We propose a method of rapidly detecting radioactive cesium floating in the air for the purpose of alerting people active in the ‘difficult-to-return zone’ of Fukushima to changes in airborne radioactivity. With this purpose in mind, we set requirement specifications and created a new system concept. The targeted detection limit was 30 Bq/m³ and the mandatory level of measurement time was 48 min with a target level of 12 min, and these periods are 10 times faster than those of conventional air monitors. The system consists of a conventional gamma-spectrometer with a novel shaped shield. The targeted peak region of the measured energy spectrum is analyzed. After the basic design and confirmation of feasibility, we perform some experiments in the normal environment of Yokohama city and the difficult-to-return zone of Fukushima. Using the results, we conducted the design improvement and performance evaluation. As a result, the system performance is found to satisfy requirements. We thus conclude that this system is a promising candidate for rapid detection of airborne radioactivity in the difficult-to-return zone of Fukushima.     

Features of a control blade degradation observed in situ during severe accident conditions in boiling water reactors

In the present paper, new results using in situ video are presented regarding boiling water reactor (BWR) control blade degradation up to 1750 K at the beginning of a nuclear severe accident. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) mapping indicated stratification of the absorber blade melt with formation of a chromium and boride-enriched layer. High-content-B- and C-containing material with increased melting temperature acted like a shielding and was found to prevent further relocation of control blade claddings. The interacted layers around the B₄C-granules prevented direct steam attack of residual B₄C. The results provide new insights for understanding of the absorber blade degradation mechanism under reducing conditions specific to Fukushima Dai-Ichi Unit 2 resulting from prolonged steam starvation.     

黄曲霉对不同含水量新疆鲜食核桃活性氧代谢的影响

以新疆“新2”薄皮核桃为材料,无菌水接种为对照组,探究人工接种从自然霉变核桃上分离纯化出的黄曲霉菌后不同含水量的鲜食核桃活性氧代谢相关酶的变化规律。结果表明,不同含水量的鲜食核桃遭受到黄曲霉侵染后,在侵染前期,各含水量的鲜食核桃体内活性氧迅速累积,酶促清除系统被激活,不同的抗氧化酶为抵御病原微生物的侵染活性开始有明显的升高并达到峰值,但随着侵染时间的延长,酶促清除系统清除活性氧的能力减弱,活性氧的大量积累导致果实细胞膜结构被破坏,加快了其老化、腐烂。黄曲霉侵染含水量25%的鲜食核桃时,酶促清除系统的抗氧化酶活性明显高于其他含水量的鲜食核桃。     

Te concentration dependent photoemission and inverse-photoemission study of FeSe1?xTex

We have characterized the electronic structure of FeSe_1−xTe_x for various x values using soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPES), high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). The SXPES valence band spectral shape shows that the 2 eV feature in FeSe, which was ascribed to the lower Hubbard band in previous theoretical studies, becomes less prominent with increasing x. HRPES exhibits systematic x dependence of the structure near the Fermi level (E_F): its splitting near E_F and filling of the pseudogap in FeSe. IPES shows two features, near E_F and approximately 6 eV above E_F; the former may be related to the Fe 3d states hybridized with chalcogenide p states, while the latter may consist of plane-wave-like and Se d components. In the incident electron energy dependence of IPES, the density of states near E_F for FeSe and FeTe has the Fano lineshape characteristic of resonant behavior. These compounds exhibit different resonance profiles, which may reflect the differences in their electronic structures. By combining the PES and IPES data the on-site Coulomb energy was estimated at 3.5 eV for FeSe.     

Voltage Control of Static Var Compensator for a Remote System Interconnected by Long‐Distance AC Cables

The voltage variation in a remote system is large when the system is connected by long‐distance AC cables due to the cable capacitance. In Japan, the longest 54‐km 66‐kV AC submarine cable interconnection between the Kyushu mainland and Goto Islands was commissioned in 2005. It was requested to mitigate the voltage variation caused by switching off and on one circuit of the two circuits in the AC cables when a fault occurs. Since the conventional voltage control methods such as transformer tap changer or shunt capacitor and reactor banks are not sufficient because of their slow response time, a static var compensator (SVC) was installed on the Goto Islands. In such an application, an SVC control method should be developed so as not to override the existing voltage control systems. This paper describes the SVC control method developed for the Goto Islands AC interconnection project, which can be applied to similar situations. The effectiveness of the control method was verified by the results of effective value simulation and of field testing, which was implemented before the SVC was commissioned in 2007. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 19–30, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22337     

Non-contact measurements of water jet spreading width with a laser instrument

Jet spreading width is one of the important characteristics of water jets discharging into the air. Many researchers have dealt with measuring this width, and contact measuring methods on the water jet surface were employed in a lot of the cases. In order to avoid undesirable effects caused by the contact on the jet surface, we introduce non-contact measuring methods with a laser instrument to the measurements of jet spreading width. In measurements, a transmitter emits sheet-like laser beam to a receiver. The water jet between the transmitter and the receiver interrupts the laser beam and makes a shadow. The minimum and maximum values of the shadow width are measured. In addition, pictures of the water jet are taken with a scale, and the shadow width is measured from the pictures. The experiments on various needle strokes were performed. Three kinds of width consistent with the jet structure were obtained. In the results, it can be concluded that our non-contact measuring methods are feasible. The data of jet spreading widths and jet taper were obtained and are useful for future applications.     

Dummy humanoid robot simulating several trunk postures and abdominal shapes – Report of element technologies

Development of clothing in consideration of the shape and body function of a person with spinal cord injury is an important task. Then, a dummy robot with a deformation mechanism was developed in this study for evaluating the comfortable level of clothings. Specifically, a trunk joint mechanism and an abdominal mechanism that can realize various deformations of the abdominal area and various trunk poses were developed. The trunk joint mechanism was implemented in order to simulate the seated posture of persons with spinal cord injury. The abdominal deformation mechanism was implemented using linear actuators and rotating servomotors in order to simulate abdominal obesity of persons with spinal cord injury. Further, a tactile sensor system was developed for measuring the clothing pressure on the abdominal area and evaluating the comfort or discomfort of clothing.