Spatial distribution of hexachlorocyclohexanes in agricultural soils in Zhejiang province, China, and correlations with elevation and temperature

Large quantities of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were historically applied to soils in Zhejiang, a hilly province of eastern China, yet very limited information is publicly available for the present levels and residue characteristics of HCHs in the region. In this work, concentrations of HCHs and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of α-isomer were analyzed in 58 agricultural soil samples (0-20 cm) collected in Zhejiang province. On the basis of the ratio of α-HCH/β-HCH and the fact that HCHs were banned in 1983 for agricultural use in China, fresh application of technical HCHs in a large quantity was unlikely in this province. Significant correlation was found between soil concentrations and elevation (R = 0.52, P < 0.001) and temperature (R = -0.55, P < 0.0001), but not between soil concentrations and total technical usage (R = -0.24, P = 0.1), suggesting a typical secondary distribution pattern. The soil residue inventories of HCHs derived from the relationship between concentration and elevation indicated 14.2 tons of HCHs left in agricultural soils in plain areas with the average elevation less than 100 m, and 61.6 tons of HCHs left in mountain soils with the average elevation higher than 100 m. It was also found that EFs of α-HCH were significantly negatively correlated with carbon biomass (C(bio)) in soils. This implies that C(bio) might have important impact on orientation and extent of enantioselective degradation of α-HCH in the region, which is, according to our knowledge, the first report of this kind.     

油菜蜜中5种酚类化合物的HPLC-ECD法测定

以油菜蜜为研究对象,建立了一种同时测定油菜蜜中5种酚类化合物的HPLC-ECD分析方法。采用高效液相色谱电化学检测法,以甲醇(A)和2%醋酸(B))水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min;电化学检测器的工作电位为0.8V;柱温为30℃。5种酚类化合物的浓度分别在6.83×10-2-5.46,9.6×10-2-8.67,1.05×10-1-12,9.1×10-2-7.3,1.63×10-1-13μg/mL内与各自的峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9997)。样品的加样回收率分别为97.4%,98.6%,99.1%,101.6%,99.3%。     

浓海水-钙法制取氢氧化镁工艺研究

浓海水—钙法(轻烧白云石、石灰)制取氢氧化镁具有生产成本低、资源丰富的优势,但传统钙法生产的氢氧化镁存在杂质含量高、产品纯度低等缺陷。文章以自主研发的专利技术为基础,从原料预处理、氢氧化镁合成、硫酸钙沉降、沉淀洗涤等方面对浓海水—钙法制取氢氧化镁的工艺进行改进。结果表明,采用改进后的工艺制备的氢氧化镁质量符合行业标准要求,氧化钙含量明显降低,同时得到高质量的副产硫酸钙。     

磷酸铵镁沉淀与沸石吸附组合工艺处理海水中的氨氮

大量陆源营养物质的输入是导致我国近岸海域富营养化问题的主要原因, 传统生化法对海水中氮磷处理能力有限, 天然沸石凭借较强的选择性离子交换性能已成为一种较为经济和高效的水处理材料。本研究通过穿透实验考察了天然沸石对海水中氨氮的动态吸附性能, 采用磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀和沸石吸附组合工艺对海水中氨氮进行处理。实验结果表明, 天然沸石吸附氨氮达平衡时间随过滤速度的增大而减小, 随滤层高度的增加而增大, Logistic模型能较好反映天然沸石对海水中氨氮的动态吸附过程。MAP沉淀法与沸石吸附法联用可以将海水中氨氮含量降低至较低水平, 适宜的滤柱过滤条件为:滤速20L/h, 滤层高度100cm。通过焙烧或NaCl浸洗处理能够恢复天然沸石对海水中氨氮的吸附能力, 300℃焙烧2h和1.5mol/L NaCl溶液浸洗24h条件下的再生率分别为99.38%和122.22%。     

Comparative In Vitro Osteoinductivity Study of HA and α‐TCP/HA Bicalcium Phosphate

A bicalcium phosphate (BCP) bioceramic comprising α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) was prepared by a two‐step sintering. The microstructure of the BCP bioceramic was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction. The in vitro osteoinductivity was evaluated by culturing MG63 osteoblast‐like cells on the BCP bioceramic. Results showed that the BCP bioceramic comprising α‐TCP and HA in a moderate ratio possessed a hardness of 93.7 Hv. The cells spread faster on the BCP bioceramic than those on the commercial HA. It suggested that the BCP bioceramic can enhance osteoinductivity in vivo.     

锅炉排烟余热深度回收利用节能改造工程实测分析

应用防腐型烟气冷凝热回收装置对北京某供暖锅炉房进行了排烟余热深度回收利用节能改造,将烟气作为吸收式热泵的低温热源用于供热。工程跟踪实测表明,采用烟气冷凝热回收装置可将锅炉排烟温度从84～114℃降到27～43℃,提高燃气利用效率(单项节能率)7.2%～13.6%;回收的烟气余热中水蒸气凝结潜热占68%～84%;排烟温度平均每降低10℃,锅炉系统总热效率提高约1.0%～2.3%;单位容量(1t/h)锅炉每天产生0.8～3.0t/d的烟气冷凝水,可回收利用;烟气冷凝水对烟气有显著的净化作用。因此,锅炉低温烟气余热深度利用有较大的节能、节水、减排潜力。     

基于HHT方法的场地液化的识别

利用HHT方法定义了一种地震加速度记录的瞬时频率时程,该瞬时频率时程能够在一定程度上将原始加速度记录的频率非平稳特性予以量化。以此为依据,提出了一种根据地震加速度记录对场地液化进行识别的方法。通过分析实测的地震动加速度记录,参照实际的震害调查资料,并与现有其他方法的识别结果进行比较,验证了该方法的识别效果。     

6061-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能

针对6 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板材,在主轴转速800 r/min,焊接速度150 mm/min参数下实现双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接,并对一部分试件进行焊后热处理。对焊态试件和焊后热处理试件同时进行金相试验、拉伸试验和显微硬度试验对比分析。在焊态下,接头平均抗拉强度为203 MPa,达到母材的64%,接头在焊缝区32 mm的宽度区域内显微硬度出现不同程度的下降,显微硬度分布呈"W"型;接头经焊后热处理后,焊态下溶解消失的强化相重新析出,使接头组织重新得到强化,热处理态接头平均抗拉强度为292 MPa,达到母材的92%,整个焊缝区显微硬度均得到提高,焊态下"W"型显微硬度分布规律消除。     

用磨粒叶序排布砂轮磨削外圆生成的凹坑表面仿真

结构化凹坑表面能够有效降低零件表面的流体拖曳摩擦阻力,从而改善零件在流体中的运动性能。从生物学的叶序排布理论出发,设计了磨粒叶序排布的超硬材料砂轮,并应用该砂轮磨削外圆生成结构化的凹坑表面。利用Matlab软件对磨粒叶序排布砂轮的磨削过程进行运动学仿真,获得了磨粒叶序排布参数及磨削参数对磨削区域内结构化凹坑表面形貌的影响规律。仿真及实验结果表明:转速比影响凹坑的周向排布和凹坑尺寸,转速比越高,凹坑周向排布越密集,凹坑尺寸越小;叶序系数影响凹坑的轴向排布,叶序系数越小,凹坑轴向排布越密集;磨削深度影响凹坑尺寸,磨削深度越深,凹坑宽度和深度越大,毛刺隆起高度越高,约为磨削深度的一半。      

传输线耦合下的差分对共模特性分析

基于差分信号奇模和偶模特性,分析和研究了传输线耦合对差分传输线的影响,研究表明由于传输线间的边缘场耦合,差分传输线的特性阻抗和传输时延均发生改变,从而引发阻抗不连续和信号错位,并最终导致共模噪声和EMI等信号完整性问题。传输线与差分传输线的耦合距离越小,耦合电容的不对称性就越大,引发的共模噪声也就越大。最后通过频域和时域实验验证了共模特性理论分析,实验结果表明,传输线与差分传输线间的两倍线宽间距将有效减小传输线与差分传输线耦合的差异,从而降低共模噪声和阻抗不连续以提高信号传输质量。