Long-term sustained-released in situ gels of a water-insoluble drug amphotericin B for mycotic arthritis intra-articular administration: preparation,in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Amphotericin B (AMB) was often used in intra-articular injection administration for fungal arthritis, because it could often bring a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy and a minimum systemic toxic side effect. However, because of the multiple operations and the frequent injections, the compliance of the patients was bad. Therefore, to develop a long-term sustained-released preparation of AMB for mycotic arthritis intra-articular administration is of great significance. The purpose of present study was to develop a long-term sustained-released in situ gel of a water-insoluble drug AMB for mycotic arthritis intra-articular administration. Based on the evaluations of the in vitro properties of the formulations, the formulation containing 10% (w/w) ethanol, 15% (w/w) PG, 0.75% (w/w) HA, 5% (w/w) purified soybean oil, 0.03% (w/w) α-tocopherol, 15% (w/w) water and 55% (w/w) glyceryl monooleate was selected as a suitable intra-articular injectable in situ gel drug delivery system for water-insoluble drug AMB. Furthermore, the results of the in vivo study on rabbits showed that the selected formulation was a safe and effective long-term sustained-released intra-articular injectable AMB preparation. Therefore, the presented in situ AMB gel could reduce the frequency of the administration in the AMB treatment of fungal arthritis, and then would get a good patient compliance.     

Nanomaterials for radiotherapeutics-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy

Over the past decade, numerous studies have attempted to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy) for cancer treatment. However, the low radiation absorption coefficient and radiation resistance of tumors remain major critical challenges for radiotherapy in the clinic. With the development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials in combination with radiotherapy offer the possibility to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy in tumors. Nanomaterials act not only as radiosensitizers to enhance radiation energy, but also as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic units in combating radiation resistance. In this review, we discuss opportunities for a synergistic cancer therapy by combining radiotherapy based on nanomaterials designed for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gas therapy, genetic therapy, and immunotherapy. We highlight how nanomaterials can be utilized to amplify antitumor radiation responses and describe cooperative enhancement interactions among these synergistic therapies. Moreover, the potential challenges and future prospects of radio-based nanomedicine to maximize their synergistic efficiency for cancer treatment are identified.

     

A Preamble Re-utilizing Access Scheme for Machine-Type Communications with Optimal Access Class Barring

Wireless Personal Communications - The existing long term evolution networks originally designed for human-to-human communications are hard to tackle numerous and bursty random access requests from...     

NH_3-OH体系中共沉淀法同时回收钕铁硼废料中Nd-Pr-Co-Fe

为了避免回收单一钕铁硼废料中有价元素带来的操作复杂和资源浪费等问题,本研究采用共沉淀法共沉淀出钕铁硼废料中的有价元素Me(Nd,Pr,Co,Fe),制备可用于生产再生钕铁硼的原料;根据质量守恒和同时平衡原理,采用MATLAB软件建立Me(Nd,Pr,Co,Fe)-OH--NH3热力学模型,绘制lg[Me]-p H曲线模拟共沉淀工艺,并根据模拟结果确立了共沉淀工艺;模拟和实验的结果表明:根据lg[Me]-p H模拟结果可以确立一步共沉淀法的p H:6~10,Fe3+比Fe2+更易于沉淀完全;在上述条件下获得的共沉淀粉末主相均为Nd,Pr,Co,Fe的化合物,且有价元素的百分比含量均大于99.4%;其中,当p H值在8左右时回收率最高,在该条件下金属元素Me(Nd,Pr,Co,Fe)的沉淀效率分别为:98.7%,99.9%,93.6%,99.9%。该结果也表明共沉淀法工艺不仅高效,而且所制备的共沉淀粉末可以满足制备二次钕铁硼的需要。     

核算前移在冶炼企业优化成本控制中的应用

针对国际黄金价格的走低,黄金冶炼企业如何在激烈的市场竞争中寻求更大的利润空间,优化成本控制显得尤为重要。以某冶炼厂为例,阐述核算前移在优化企业成本控制中的应用,以达到降本增效的目的,实现企业利润的最大化。     

大口径光学元件装夹转运结构设计及分析

为了实现大口径光学元件的安全装夹、转运,通过光学元件开槽与不开槽两种装夹方式的分析,得出开槽夹紧转运方式将带来微裂纹、应力集中、成本高等缺陷,提出了利用摩擦力克服光学零件的重力和惯性力的低应力装夹转运方案。通过对光学元件低应力夹紧结构设计,并利用有限元分析方法,得到不开槽装夹方式下,光学元件的最大主应力为1.11 MPa,最大切应力为0.73 MPa,远低于光学元件破坏的强度极限,且受力均匀,无应力集中现象。     

基于“IPv6+”的智能IP网络方案

随着第4次工业革命的到来，人类社会正逐步迈向万物互联的智能时代。智能时代需要更加自动化、智能化的IP网络，基于“IPv6+”的SRv6、BIERv6等技术是使能新一代IP网络的关键基础。全面阐述了“IPv6+”的技术内涵，结合华为在智能 IP 网络解决方案上的创新和思考，介绍了“IPv6+”在极简连接、SLA 保障、专网体验、质量感知和云网一体等多个解决方案场景的关键技术与典型应用，助力5G与云业务发展。     

300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及机制

摘要：为了研究300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机制，采用失重法，宏观、微观腐蚀形貌分析，三维表面轮廓分析及电化学分析的研究方法，来表征腐蚀实验现象并进行分析。结果表明：300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀产物为FeOOH、Fe2O3、Fe(OH)3和Fe3O4；腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间逐渐降低，腐蚀后期（72h）腐蚀速率降低50%；腐蚀初期以点蚀为主，点蚀坑通过横向扩展，逐渐发展为后期的均匀腐蚀，腐蚀表面形貌呈沟壑状；外腐蚀层对基体的保护能力很弱，Cr元素在锈层靠近基体的一侧偏聚使内腐蚀层具有一定的抗腐蚀性。     

马尔可夫跳变线性系统最优控制的研究现状与进展

马尔可夫跳变线性系统（MJLS）是一种具有多个模态的随机系统，系统在各个模态之间的跳变转移由一组马尔可夫链来决定。MJLS模型因其在表示过程中可以产生突变而更能精确的描述实际工程应用中的系统。近年来，MJLS的最优控制问题成为了研究的热点，动态规划、极大值原理以及线性矩阵不等式等成为了解决此类问题的主流方法。本文对MJLS最优控制领域的研究现状进行了综述。分别对一般情况下、带有噪声的情况下、带有时滞的情况下以及某些特定情况下的MLJS最优控制问题的国内外研究现状进行论述。最后进行了总结并提出MJLS最优控制领域未来值得关注的研究方向。