低频电磁水平半连续铸造中磁场的分布及其对宏观偏析的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了低频电磁水平半连续铸造7075铝合金中不同强度及频率的磁场在熔体中的分布,并采用试验的方法研究了不同条件的磁场对铸锭宏观偏析的影响.将使用传统水平半连续铸造生产出的铸锭与低频电磁水平半连续铸造生产的铸锭进行了比较.研究结果表明:在传统水平半连续铸造工艺条件下,铸锭中易出现较严重的负偏析及重力偏析;然而,在低频电磁水平半连续铸造过程中,低频电磁场的存在明显削弱了铸锭中的宏观偏析.此外,磁场在熔体中的分布情况将直接影响其作用效果,提高磁场强度及适当降低磁场频率均有利于对宏观偏析的改善.     

AA1235铝箔坯料的中温相转变

研究了AA1235铝箔坯料中温温度范围内相形成和转变的规律。结果表明,AA1235铝箔坯料在中温温度范围内存在两个相变反应:一个是从铝基体中析出α(AlFeSi)相的脱溶相变,另一个是β′(AlFeSi)→α(AlFeSi)的相变;α(AlFeSi)相的尺寸非常细小,在nm数量级;中间退火过程中Fe、Si元素在铝基体中的固溶度存在一极小值点,即最佳固溶贫化点,该现象的存在是上述两个对固溶度的变化起相反作用的相变过程共同作用的结果。     

深冲铝板中的再结晶织构与选择生长

利用电子显微分析（TE）和ODF织均分析，研究了纵横轧制铝板再结晶退火前后的织构和再结晶过程．直接观察到再结晶过程中的选择长大，经电子衍射分析了新晶粒的取向，并通过极图分析了各织构组分＜111＞间的关系结果表明，纵横轧制铝板再结晶过程中存在选择生长现象，并最终决定再结晶织构；面心立方金属中这种取向关系约为40°＜111＞     

TEM studies of cross sections of oxidized Fe-25Cr-6Al-La alloy

The oxidation behavior of the alloy Fe–25%Cr–6%Al-RE (rich in lanthanum) was investigated by means of TEM analysis. The results show that after 2 hr oxidation of the alloy, in pure oxygen at 1200° C, La precipitated in the oxide scale at the top of -Al₂O₃ grains and at the grain-boundary regions in the form of tiny particles of hexagonal La₂O₃. These tiny particles prevented aluminum from diffusing toward the surface and suppressed lateral growth of the oxide scale. The rare-earth constituents accelerated the internal oxidation of the alloy during thermal cycling between 1200° C and room temperature. They appeared as particles of aluminum oxide and lanthanum oxide. Particles of cubic La₂O₃ precipitated in the alloy matrix near the oxide scale-metal interface in a direction parallel to grain boundaries.     

Ti、B、Sr、RE联合细化及变质对A356铝合金微观组织的影响

采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDAX等试验方法,研究添加Ti、B、Sr、RE元素细化及变质对A356铝合金显微组织的影响,得出RE的添加并未与合金中的Mg形成高Mg含量化合物,Mg的分布仍很均匀,同时含铁相得到细化;对于0.10%Ti细化的A356铝合金,RE的添加使二次枝晶间距明显减小;0.01%Ti与0.03%B联合细化对A356铝合金的细化作用明显优于0.10%Ti的细化作用,晶粒为细小等轴晶,且Al-Fe-Si-Mg、Al-Si-RE相得到明显的细化;Ti、B、Sr、RE联合细化及变质的合金获得了最佳的硅颗粒变质效果。     

Effects of different tempers on precipitation hardening of 6000 series aluminium alloys

By means of Vickers hardness,mechanical property and formability tests,the effects of different tempers on precipitation hardening of 6000 series aluminium alloys for automotive body sheets were investigated.The results indicate that the short-time pre-aging at 170℃makes for subsequent artificial aging precipitation hardening.With the increase of pre-aging time,the artificial aging hardenability increases.The aging hardening rate reaches the maximum when pre-aging time is up to 10 min,and then it decreases.The short-time pre-aging at 170℃benefits sheets to obtain lower strength under delivery condition and consequently to improve stamping formability of automotive body sheets.The effects of different tempers on precipitation hardening are much more obvious than those of the alloying elements.It is a good treatment schedule to perform pre-aging for 5 min at 170℃right after solution treatment.     

加钛和加硼方式对铝合金的晶粒细化及其衰退行为的影响

通过对比实验,研究了电解加钛与经Al-Ti、Al-Ti-B中间合金向工业纯铝熔配加钛的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为,以及Al-B中间合金对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及衰退行为的影响,还分析了硼对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化和抗衰退行为的影响.结果表明,在钛含量为0.10%和0.15%的条件下,电解加钛晶粒细化作用的衰退速度比熔配加Al-Ti中间合金要慢;熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金细化晶粒作用的抗衰退能力则明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti中间合金;加Al-B中间合金可有效提高电解低钛铝合金的细化效果和抗衰退能力,并使其明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti或Al-Ti-B中间合金.     

面向高速切削的CAD模型与CAM编程

对复杂零件进行高速切削加工，往往先借助于CAD软件建立模型用于定义零件外型，然后通过CAM软件生成数控加工程序。CAD和CAM的质量与应用是影响高速切削加工质量的主要因素。深入分析并阐述了建立面向高速切削加工的CAD模型时需注意的事项，及如何合理地选用CAM系统提供的编程策略，以获得完美的走刀路径，生成优化的数控加工程序。并以连杆模具高速加工为例，对面向高速切削的CAD与CAM应用进行了介绍。     

Microstructures and constituents of super-high strength aluminum alloy ingots made through LFEC process

Ingots of a new super-high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy were produced respectively by low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) and by conventional direct chill (DC) casting process. Microstructure and constituents of the ingots were studied. The results indicated that the LFEC process significantly refines microstructure and constituents of the alloy, and to some extent, decreases the area (or volume) fraction of constituents and eutectic structure precipitated at grain boundaries. But, no difference in the type of constituents was observed between LFEC and DC ingots. The results also showed LFEC process can improve the as-cast mechanical properties.     

纳米CeO2单晶的制备与热处理对粒径的影响

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源、NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,用化学沉淀法通过对陈化时间的控制,制备了单分散的单晶纳米CeO2粒子,并用XRD、TEM、ED、BET、TG-DTA等测试手段对产物的物相结构、形貌和纳米尺度进行了表征.XRD分析表明,制得的纳米CeO2粒子为萤石结构且晶型比较完整. 通过控制热处理的温度和陈化时间可以控制粒子的大小.TEM和ED分析表明产物颗粒基本为球形,分散性较好且为单晶. 通过TG-DTA结果可以断定所制备的前驱体结构式为CeO2·1/2H2O.