脉冲氙灯瞬态放电特性实时检测

随着惯性约束核聚变（ICF）的发展,对激光驱动器提出了很高的要求。本文研究了脉冲氙灯瞬态在线检测系统对脉冲氙灯放电电压、电流和发光强度进行实时监测的方法和系统的结构,结合氙灯的瞬态放电特征,利用光电隔离、光纤传输、高速A／D采样等技术,获取氙灯瞬态放电 数据。有效的实现了弱电系统对强电系统的远程测控,为大型激光驱动器能源系统的自动测控打下良好的基础。     

激光微束穿刺法获得抗虫转基因油菜及其后代的研究

利用激光微束穿刺法将苏云金芽孢杆菌的毒蛋白 (δ endotoxin)基因导入了油菜 ,经聚合酶催化链式反应(PCR)和PCRSouthern杂交证明抗虫基因已导入油菜基因组中并能在T1 代得到遗传。对转基因植株进行了抗虫性测试 ,结果表明某些植株具有较好的抗虫性 ,并且这种抗虫性在T1 代仍能保持。实验结果表明抗虫基因已整合进油菜基因组并得到了稳定的遗传。     

CW DF/HF化学激光器性能与流场参数的相互关系

从增益系数、输出功率、激光效率的基本公式出发 ,得到了CWDF HF化学激光器性能对光腔中F和D2 H2反应区流场参数的依赖关系。利用数值模拟结果对该关系进行了验证。给出了提高CWDF HF化学激光器性能的F和D2 H2 反应区流场参数要求 ,为CWDF HF化学激光器喷管设计提供了依据     

3G系统网络接入的安全构架

在介绍第三代移动通信系统网络接入的安全构架的基础上,分析了3G系统的优势,并讨论了3G系统中有待进一步研究的问题。     

大力发展光子产业 促进西部大开发

简要介绍了光子产业的发展历史、现状、特点和趋势,初步研究了光子产业的发展模式和领域,对确立光子产业在西部发展中的战略地位有较高的参考价值。     

Geometric and Electronic Structure-Matched Superoxide Dismutase-Like and Catalase-Like Sequential Single-Atom Nanozymes for Osteoarthritis Recession

Highly-active single-atom nanoenzymes (SAzymes) with biomimetic geometric and electronic coordination structures are highly highlighted to exhibit greatly-increased catalysis activity. Despite various SAzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like SAzymes for scavenging superoxide anions to treat osteoarthritis are still absent. In this report, a graphene-supported Cl Cu N₄-centered SAzyme (Cu N₄ClG) is engineered that carries out SOD-like reactions. Various synchrotron radiation-based X-ray valence/structural analyses reveal that the geometric and electronic structures of such Cl Cu N₄ active centers are validated to atomically match natural SOD enzyme after precisely manipulating coordinated N and Cl atoms via the unprecedented pre-coordination orientation and preservation of copper-phthalocyanine structure. Cu-N₄ClG SAzymes are endowed with unparalleled catalytic activities and kinetics to degrade O₂^•¯ into H₂O₂ and O₂, and further exhibit catalase (CAT)-like activity to sequentially decompose H₂O₂ and ^•OH into H₂O and O₂, wherein the origin of sequential SOD-like and CAT-like catalysis routes is uncovered. Impressively, nitroxide radical scavenging and photothermally-enhanced catalytic activity are reached, synergistically protecting chondrocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and alleviating osteoarthritis via re-programming or normalizing osteoarthritis microenvironments. Cu-N₄ClG SAzymes are competent for other reactive oxygen species (ROS)-arised lesions, and their rationales provide guidance to design other SAzymes.     

Catfish Effect Induced by Anion Sequential Doping for Microwave Absorption

Heteroatom doping engineering is desirable in tuning crystal structures and electrical properties, which is considered an opportunity to further develop microwave absorption materials. However, the competition mechanism and priority among doped atoms have not been revealed, which are insufficient to guide the most reasonable dielectric coupling model and design high-performance absorbers. In this work, based on in situ N and O, ex situ S is introduced through external thermal driving, leading to fierce competition among anions. Specifically, S atoms replace pyrrole N, drive out lattice O, and create O vacancies, bringing more extensive local charge redistribution and stronger electron interaction, thus activating the defect-induced polarization (3–6 times higher than conduction loss) in the middle/high-frequency region. Therefore, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.03 GHz and the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −64.05 dB at a filling rate of 10 wt.% are obtained, which improves the record of carbon absorbers as reported. Through macro-designs, i.e., multi-layer gradient metamaterial, or utilizing other advantages, e.g., cost-effective, stable chemical properties and wide-angle absorption, porous carbon may possess a great application prospect in the naval field.     

Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Autograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC-related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long-distance peripheral nerve injury.     

Functional Materials for Memristor-Based Reservoir Computing: Dynamics and Applications

The booming development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires faster physical processing units as well as more efficient algorithms. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) has emerged as an alternative brain-inspired framework for fast learning with low training cost, since only the weights associated with the output layers should be trained. Physical RC becomes one of the leading paradigms for computation using high-dimensional, nonlinear, dynamic substrates. Among them, memristor appears to be a simple, adaptable, and efficient framework for constructing physical RC since they exhibit nonlinear features and memory behavior, while memristor-implemented artificial neural networks display increasing popularity towards neuromorphic computing. In this review, the memristor-implemented RC systems from the following aspects: architectures, materials, and applications are summarized. It starts with an introduction to the RC structures that can be simulated with memristor blocks. Specific interest then focuses on the dynamic memory behaviors of memristors based on various material systems, optimizing the understanding of the relationship between the relaxation behaviors and materials, which provides guidance and references for building RC systems coped with on-demand application scenarios. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of memristor-based physical RC systems are surveyed. In the end, the further prospects of memristor-implemented RC system in a material view are envisaged.     

Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Patterning Nitrogen-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Shape Tailorable and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitors

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) as high-power density energy storage units are designed to meet the booming development of flexible electronics, requiring simple and fast fabrication technology. Herein, a fast and direct solvent-free patterning method is reported to fabricate shape-tailorable and flexible MSCs by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). The nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (N-SWCNTs) are directly deposited on a patterned filter by FCCVD with designable patterns and facilely dry-transferred on versatile substrates. The obtained MSCs deliver an excellent areal capacitance of 3.6 mF cm⁻² and volumetric capacitance of 98.6 F cm⁻³ at a scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹ along with excellent long-term cycle stability over 125 000 circles. Furthermore, the MSCs show good performance uniformity, which can be readily integrated via connection in parallel or series to deliver a stable high voltage (4 V with five serially connected devices) and large capacitance (5.1 mF with five parallel devices) at a scan rate of 100 mV s⁻¹, enabling powering the light emitting displays. Therefore, this method blazes the trail of directly preparing flexible, shape-customizable, and high-performance MSCs.