基于地表模型的城市易集水区域普查——以宁波市为例

城市暴雨内涝灾害频发,严重威胁城市正常的生产生活活动。快速有效地确定城市易集水区的主要分布区域,能为城市暴雨内涝防灾减灾工作提供直观的决策参考依据,同时为后续风险灾害评估研究提供基础数据准备。研究基于精细化城市地表模型,考虑地形因素,结合具有优秀空间分析能力的GIS技术,以宁波市为研究区域,探讨城市易集水区普查的方法可行性,同时生成易集水区域的积水深度计算工具,以期为后续灾害风险评估提供主要的评判因素,为宁波市城市内涝治理及风险防控提供科学参考依据。     

Effects of use of higher strength interlayer and external cooling on properties of friction stir welded AA6061-T6 joints

Although sound AA6061-T6 joints can be produced by friction stir welding, a loss in strength takes place in the weld region. In this study, it was demonstrated that the strength of the nugget could be increased by the use of a higher strength interlayer during friction stir welding. This strength recovery cannot, however, be attainable in the heat affected zone. Although an external cooling was applied during welding in order to increase strength in the heat affected zone, it was not sufficient for achieving the required cooling condition for improved strength.     

Synthesis of barium mercaptides and application of antimony/barium mercaptides

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基于适应性管理的矿区生态环境修复制度优化研究

矿区生态环境修复旨在通过人工重建和改良,将受损矿区生态环境的健康风险或生态风险降至可接受风险水平。实现这一目标,需要运用适应性管理跟踪修复状况、评估阶段目标、调整完善修复措施,促进人工干预和改造后形成的生态系统与自然生态系统相适应。从制度层面来看,中国矿区生态环境修复的适应性管理程度不高,尚未形成全面、统一的制度体系,距系统性、审慎性、动态性的规范要求仍有提升空间。本文结合实践提出优化矿区生态环境修复制度的方案:以可接受风险水平为依据,统筹设定矿区生态环境修复的一般要求,为全国范围内的活动划定行为底线;以最坏情况分析、信息披露与公开评议为保障,共同预防在修复问题上的决策失误;以生态环境质量损害和生态系统服务价值评估为基础,建立动态的监测结果评估、修复方案调整和监管机制。     

水平式隧穿磁强计的反馈控制系统设计

分析了水平式隧穿磁强计控制系统的原理和特点;给出了反馈控制系统传递函数方框图;求出了水平式隧穿磁强计的表头、隧道效应及梳齿静电驱动等框图的传递函数.采用二阶有源带通滤波的方式来减弱外界的噪声影响,经实验验证,降低了隧道间隙的变动量,使得隧道间隙从0.4～1.6nm减少到0.9～1.1nm,满足设计要求.     

Dark fermentative hydrogen production from sucrose and molasses

There are many factors affecting the dark fermentative hydrogen production. The interaction of these factors, that is, their combined effects, should be investigated for better design of the systems with stable and higher hydrogen yields. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of initial substrate, pH, and biomass (or initial substrate to biomass) values on hydrogen production from sucrose and sugar‐beet molasses. Therefore, optimum initial chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and volatile suspended solids (VSS) or initial substrate to biomass (VSS) ratio (S/X_o) values leading to the highest dark fermentative hydrogen production were investigated in batch reactors. An experimental design approach (response surface methodology) was used. Results revealed that when sucrose was the substrate, maximum hydrogen production yield (HY) of 2.3 mol H₂/mol sucrose_added was obtained at initial pH of 7 and COD of 10 g/L. Initial S/X_o values studied (4–20 g COD/g VSS) had no effect on HY, while the initial pH was found as the parameter mostly affecting both HY and hydrogen production rate (HPR). When substrate was molasses, initial COD concentration was the only variable affecting HY and HPR. Maximum of both was achieved at 10 g/L initial COD. Initial VSS values studied (2.5–7.5 g/L) had no effect on HPR and HY. This study also indicated that molasses leads to homoacetogenesis for potentially containing intrinsic microorganism and/or natural constituents; thus, sucrose is more advantageous for hydrogen production via fermentation. Homoacetogenesis should be prevented for effective optimization via response surface methodology, if substrate is a natural carbon source potential to have intrinsic microorganisms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Novel Approach for Bolted T-Stub Connections

This paper reports an investigation into new connection types and their behaviors determined using full-scale experiments. T-shaped connections were created using the IPE standard profile. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of T connections based on the IPE standard profile, height of beam to height of T-stub joint (H) of T-stub joints, and lengths (X) of T-stub joints on the behavior of steel connections, in order to provide the necessary data for improving Eurocode 3 and enable efficient use of residue IPE standard profiles and back to the consumption cycle. While the moment resistance values increased with an increase in H from H_min to H_max in model groups with X of 126 mm, and the energy dissipation increased with an increase in H from H_min to H_max and also with an increase in the lengths (X) of T-stub joints from 54 to 126 mm.     

Effects of limestone replacement ratio on the sulfate resistance of Portland limestone cement mortars exposed to extraordinary high sulfate concentrations

A comparative study has been performed on the sulfate resistance of Portland limestone cement (PLC) mortars exposed to extraordinary high sulfate concentrations (200 g/l). PLCs have been prepared by using two types of clinkers having different C₃S/C₂S ratios and interstitial phase morphologies. Blended cements have been prepared by replacing 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% of clinker with limestone. Cubic (50 × 50 × 50 mm) and prismatic (25 × 25 × 285 mm) cement mortars were prepared. After two months initial water curing, these samples were exposed to three different sulfate solutions (Na₂SO₄ at 20 °C and 5 °C, MgSO₄ at 5 °C). Solutions were not refreshed and pH values of solutions were monitored during the testing stage. The compressive strength and length changes of samples have been monitored for a period of 1 year. Additional microstructural analyses have been conducted by XRD and SEM/EDS studies. Results indicated that in general, limestone replacement ratio and low temperature negatively affect the sulfate resistance of cement mortars. Additionally, clinkers of high C₃S/C₂S ratios with dendritic interstitial phase structure were found to be more prone to sulfate attack in the presence of high amounts of limestone.From the results, it is postulated that in the absence of solution change, extraordinary high sulfate content modified the mechanism of sulfate reactions and formation of related products. At high limestone replacement ratios, XRD and SEM/EDS studies revealed that while ettringite is the main deterioration product for the samples exposed to Na₂SO₄, gypsum and thaumasite formation were dominant products of deterioration in the case of MgSO₄ attack. It can be concluded that, the difference between reaction mechanisms of Na₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ attack to limestone cement mortars strongly depends on the pH change of sulfate solutions.     

Effect of a sulfonated azo dye and sulfanilic acid on nitrogen transformation processes in soil

Introduction of organic dyes into soil via wastewater and sludge applications has been of increasing concern especially in developing or under-developed countries where appropriate management strategies are scarce. Assessing the response of terrestrial ecosystems to organic dyes and estimating the inhibition concentrations will probably contribute to soil remediation studies in regions affected by the same problem. Hence, an incubation study was conducted in order to investigate the impact of a sulfonated azo dye, Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and sulfanilic acid (SA), a typical representative of aromatic sulfonated amines, on soil nitrogen transformation processes. The results apparently showed that nitrogen related processes in soil can be used as bioindicators of anthropogenic stress caused by organic dyes. It was found that urease activity, arginine ammonification rate, nitrification potential and ammonium oxidising bacteria numbers decreased by 10–20% and 7–28% in the presence of RB5 (>20 mg/kg dry soil) and SA (>8 mg/kg dry soil), respectively. Accordingly, it was concluded that organic dye pollution may restrict the nitrogen-use-efficiency of plants, thus further reducing the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, the response of soil microbiota to SA suggested that inhibition effects of the organic dye may continue after the possible reduction of the parent dye to associated aromatic amines.